Vol. 10, No 1, 2013 pp. 27 - 36
UDC 614.84:620.263:504.3.054
LARGE EDDY SIMULATION OF FIRE ACCIDENT DURING FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS TRANSPORT IN AN URBAN AREA
Dušica J. Pešić, Milan Đ. Blagojević, Nenad V. Živković, Ljiljana Đ. Živković, Miomir T. Raos
University of Niš, Faculty of Occupational Safety, Serbia
Abstract.
Air quality in urban areas has attracted great attention due to increasing pollutant emissions and their negative effects on human health and the environment. The aim of this paper is to analyze the impact of wind on air pollution and human vulnerability by fire products in an urban street canyon caused by a fire accident. For the simulation of a fire on a diesel oil truck a CFD Large Eddy Simulation method was used. Simulation results show that the fire product stream flows vertically upward, without touching the walls of the surrounding buildings in absence of wind. However, when the wind velocity reaches 6 m/s, the product stream curves towards the buildings at both sides of the street canyon. Concentrations of carbon monoxide and soot decrease, while carbon dioxide concentration increases with height. The described scenarios may lead to very serious situations, since circulating fire pollutants can be harmful for the people on the street as well as for those in the buildings with openings oriented toward the street canyon.
Key Words:
flammable liquid, fire accident, products, air pollution
MATEMATIČKI MODEL ZA TURBULENCIJU U UPOTREBI PRI SIMULACIJI POŽARA TOKOM TRANSPORTA ZAPALJIVIH TEČNOSTI U URBANOJ SREDINI
Kvalitet vazduha u urbanim sredinama je privukao veliku pažnju javnosti zbog povećanja emisije zagađujućih materija i njihovih negativnih uticaja na zdravlje ljudi i životnu sredinu. Cilj ovog rada je analiza uticaja vetra na disperziju produkata požara i zagađenje vazduha, kao i ugroženost ljudi u urbanoj ulici „kanjonu". Metod velikih vrtloga je korišćen za simulaciju požara cisterne sa dizel gorivom. Dobijeni rezultati pokazuju da se, u odsustvu vetra struja produkata požara kreće naviše ne dodirujući zidove zgrada. Međutim, kada brzina vetra dostigne 6 m/s, struja produkata se povija prema zradama sa obe strane ulice. Koncentracije ugljen monoksida i čađi opadaju, dok koncentracije ugljen dioksida rastu sa visinom iznad nivoa ulice. Opisani scenariji mogu dovesti do ozbiljne situacije s obzirom na činjenicu da produkti požara mogu da ugroze ljude koji se nalaze u ulici, kao i one u stanovima zgrada sa otvorenim prozorima.
Ključne reči: zapaljiva tečnost, požar, produkti, zagađenje vazduha
