Vol. 6, No 1, 2008
pp. 51 - 64
UDC 72.01 NIS(497.11)(045)=111
FORMATIVE CHARACTERISTICS OF MODERNE STYLE
IN NIŠ
Aleksandar Keković, Marjan Petrović
University of Niš, The Faculty of Civil Engineering and Architecture,
Serbia
Abstract. Architectural forming in the Moderne
movement lies, or rather stems from the function, that is, from the structure
bulk, whose composition dictates volumetry which is the principal characteristics
of a structure. It can be stated that this simplified definition of architectural
forming in the Niš Moderne is only partially true, because many other
factors influenced forming and creation of the Niš Moderne. The very introduction
states that until 30's of the last century, the prevailing styles and directions
in Serbian Moderne, and by virtue of this, in Niš, were classicistic pseudo
styles, national romantic architecture based on Serbian-Byzantine style,
as well as folk architecture. Many authors leading the Moderne in Serbia
and Niš, often designed at the beginning of their careers in some of the
mentioned styles or combined them, so that the influence of these styles
and directions was felt for a very long time in their designing opus. Often,
the investors' wishes to add an element or two on the façade in order
to make it "more beautiful and richer" left its mark – the majority of
Moderne buildings in Serbia and Niš are a sort of compromise resulting
from this struggle between old styles, investors' preferences and architects'
aspirations to something new.
Key words: Moderne, Niš Moderne,
forming
OBLIKOVNE KARAKTERISTIKE MODERNE
U NIŠU
Arhitektonsko oblikovanje u Modernističkom pokretu
počiva, ili bolje reći proizilazi iz funkcije, odnosno iz masa objekta,
čijom se kompozicijom postiže volumetrija koja čini osnovnu karakteristiku
objekta. Može se reći da ova pojednostavljena definicija arhitektonskog
oblikovanja u Niškoj Moderni je samo donekle tačna, jer su i mnogi drugi
faktori uticali na oblikovanje i stvaranje Niške Moderne. U samom uvodu
je rečeno da su sve do 30-tih godina prošlog veka preovlađujući stilovi
i pravci u srpskoj Moderni, pa samim tim i u Nišu, bili klasicistički
pseudo stilovi, nacionalna romantičarska arhitektura zasnovana na srpsko
vizantijskom stilu, kao i folklorna - narodna arhitektura. Mnogi autori
koji su predvodili pravac Moderne u Srbiji i u Nišu vrlo često su na
početku karijere projektovali u nekom od navedenih stilova ili ih kombinovali,
tako da su se i uticaji tih stilova i pravaca dugo osećali u njihovom
projektantskom opusu. Često su i želje investitora bile od velikog uticaja
da se ponekad doda neki element na fasadi kako bi ona bila "lepša i bogatija",
tako da većina objekata Moderne u Srbiji i u Nišu predstavlja neku vrstu
kompromisa proizašlog iz te borbe između starih stilova, želja investitora
i htenja i težnji arhitekata ka nečem novom.
