Vol.1, No 3, 1998 pp. 79-86
UDC:504.06
PRODUCT ORIENTED ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY
- THE WAY TOWARD ENVIRONMENTALLY
BENIGN CONSUMER GOODS
Srđan Glišović
Faculty of Occupational Safety, University of Niš, Čarnojevića 10a, 18000 Niš, Serbia, Yugoslavia
e-mail: gianni@znrfak.znrfak.ni.ac.yu
Abstract. At the same time as industrial development is taking place, increasingly tough environmental requirements and society's growing appreciation of environmental issues will lead to a new awareness. This in turn will result in need of new products and services designed to meet higher environmental and sustainability standards. The highest degree of creativity and innovative ability, combined with technological expertise, is required to continue this process of change toward reducing, recycling, and reusing. Environmental and sustainable design will become the new mark of quality.
It is increasingly recognised that production and consumption are closely related, and that products and services can be seen as the 'cause' of environmental degradation or at least as 'carriers' of pollution, energy and materials. The ability to predict and understand environmental impact of an industrial product is the key to success and survival. There is a need for appropriate design that will result in well-thought-out products, that are easy to handle and operate in environmentaly sound manner. A combination of sustainable design, life cycle assessment and overall environmental concern is therefore the optimum solution for the future.
Taking environmental aspect of a technological product into account should make it universally and entirely usable, thereby creating a technology environment built on a human scale.
Efforts are required of all actors in society: not only greening the production stage but also greening the products and services and the ways in which they are brought to the market, used and disposed of. Products could be also seen as the basic link between producers, traders and consumers.
Product surveilance reveals the chain of actors who influence the product during its life cycle, i.e., in production, distribution, use, disposal and beyond.
Key words:  environmentally benign product, integrated product policy, material and energy consumption, design for environment
STRATEGIJA ZAŠTITE ŽIVOTNE SREDINE
SA PROIZVODOM U FOKUSU - PUT KA STVARANJU NEŠKODLJIVIH POTROŠNIH DOBARA
Industrijski razvoj prate sve izraženiji zahtevi za preduzimanjem mera zaštite životne sredine u skladu sa rastućom svesti drušva o značaju ovog problema savremene civilizacije. Ovaj trend nužno dovodi do potrebe da se ponude novi proizvodi i usluge koji će biti u saglasju sa sve strožom regulativom iz domena prevencije zagađenja i održivog razvoja (sustainable development). Kombinacijom kreativnosti i tehničke ekspertize moguće je dizajnirati proizvode i usluge koji će duboko menjati navike stečene u doba nekontrolisanog privrednog rasta. Novi pojmovi i kriterijumi kvaliteta konstrukcija i samog proizvoda biće usko povezani sa kategorijama kao što su ekološka podobnost, reciklabilnost i "održivost" (sustainability).
Sve je uočljivije da su i u ovoj oblasti proizvodnja i potrošnja usko povezane, i da se industrijski proizvodi mogu posmatrati kao uzročnici degradacije životne sredine, ili bar kao "nosioci" zagađenja, energije i materije. Sa druge strane, predikcija i razumevanje dejstva industrijskih proizvoda na životnu sredinu je ključ za uspešno rešavanje globalnih problema opstanka. Neophodna je primena novog koncepta projektovanja koji će rezultovati u dobro osmišljenim proizvodima kojima se jednostavno manipuliše na ekološki ispravan način. Kombinacija nove strategije projektovanja, analize životnog ciklusa (life cycle assessment) i institucionalizovane brige o stanju prirodnog ambijenta predstavlja optimalnu orijentaciju za budućnost.
Koncentrisanje na ekološku dimenziju industrijskog proizvoda dovešće postepeno do tehnološkog okruženja po meri čoveka. Potrošna dobra se mogu posmatrati i kao svojevrsna veza između proizvođača, distirbutera i potrošača. Analiza otkriva lanac aktera koji svojim postupcima mogu da usmeravaju i utiču na intenzitet uticaja industrijskog proizvoda na životnu sredinu u različitim fazama njegovog životnog ciklusa.
Ključne reči: ekološki podoban proizvod, strategija ekološkog proizvoda, potrošnja materije i energije, projektovana reciklabilnost.