Vol. 6, No 1, 2009 pp. 21 - 28
UDC 665.585.3:661.006
NEUTRON ACTIVATION AND FLAME ATOMIC ABSORPTION
ELEMENTAL ANALYSES OF SELECTED HAIR DYES
Margaret A. Briggs-Kamara1, Alaiyi
G. Warmate1, Yehuwdah E.Chad-Umoren2,
Chukwuemeka M. Ibechedor1
1Department of Physics, Rivers State
University of Science and Technology, P. M. B. 5080, Port Harcourt, Nigeria.
2Department of Physics, University
of Port Harcourt, P. M. B. 5323 Port Harcourt, Nigeria
E-mail: briggskamara@yahoo.com,
warmateag@yahoo.com, echadumoren@yahoo.com,
nero228@yahoo.com
Abstract. Two hair dye types, one liquid and the other solid, were
analyzed to determine their elemental compositions and possible radioactivity.
The liquid dye sample was analyzed using Flame Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy
and based on the American Standard Test Method (ASTM), five ions namely:
Fe2+, Pb2+, Cd2+, S2-, and SO42- were detected with concentrations of 0.702,
0.002, 0.003, 0.044, and 0.059 mg.l-1 respectively. The solid hair dye
sample was analyzed using the Neutron Activation Analysis technique. Eighteen
elements (Al, Ti, K, Fe, Na, V, Mn, Sb, La, Sm, Sc, Cs, Eu, Br, Ce, and
Th) were measured. Six of the elements (Al, Na, Eu, Br, Ce, and Th) were
found in trace concentrations of 31.9± 5.4, 40.6 ± 5.9, 0.16 ± 0.05,
0.18 ± 0.04, 0.37 ± 0.08, and 0.13± 0.02 ppm respectively. Ce and Eu
presently have no known negative effects on humans, while Pb, Cd, and Fe
cannot easily get into the body through skin absorption. Hence the application
of dyes containing these elements may not bring about effects associated
with the intake of these elements, unless the dye mistakenly finds its
way into food. The presence of Al, Na, Br, Th, S, and SO4 could result
in those adverse effects associated with each element. In addition, the
major active ingredient, Paraphelylene diamine (1, 4-diaminobenzene) has
cancerous effects usually directed at the bladder.
Key Words: Hair dye, elemental composition, Flame Atomic Absorption
Spectroscopy, Neutron Activation, trace concentrations, cancerous effects
NEUTRONSKA AKTIVACIJA I PLAMENA ATOMSKA
APSORPCIJA:
ANALIZA SASTAVA HEMIJSKIH ELEMENAT NA ODABRANOM
UZORKU BOJA ZA KOSU
Dve vrste farbe za kosu, jedna u tečnom, druga u čvrstom stanju, analizirane
su da bismo utvrdili njihovu strukturu elemenata i moguću radioaktivnost.
Farba u tečnom stanju je analizirana uz pomoć procesa Spektroskopije
atomske apsorpcije plamena i zasniva se na metodi nazvanoj Američka metoda
standardnog tesitranja (ASTM), odnosno na pet jona: Fe2+, Pb2+, Cd2+, S2-,
i SO42- su otkriveni u koncentracijama od 0.702, 0.002, 0.003, 0.044, i
0.059 mg.l-1 tim redosledom. Uzorak farbe za kosu u čvrstom stanju smo
analizirali uz pomoć tehnike Analize neutronske aktivacije. Osamnaest
elemenata (Al, Ti, K, Fe, Na, V, Mn, Sb, La, Sm, Sc, Cs, Eu, Br, Ce, i
Th) su mereni. Šest od tih elemenata (Al, Na, Eu, Br, Ce, i Th) pronađeni
su samo u tragovima od 31.9± 5.4, 40.6 ± 5.9, 0.16 ± 0.05, 0.18 ± 0.04,
0.37 ± 0.08, i 0.13± 0.02 ppm tim redosledom. Za Ce i Eu trenutno nije
dokazano da su opasni po ljude, dok Pb, Cd, i Fe ne mogu lako prodreti
u ljudsko telo putem apsorpcije preko kože. Iz toga razloga upotreba farbi
koje sadrže ove elemente ne može izazvati efekte koji se obično javljaju
nakon unošenja ovih elemenata, sem ako se farba slučajno ne nađe u nekom
uzorku hrane. Prisustvo Al, Na, Br, Th, S, i SO4 moglo bi da dovede do
negativnih uticaja koji se dovode u vezu sa svakim elementom. Pored toga,
glavni aktivni sastojak: Paraphelylene diamine (1, 4-diaminobenzene) ima
kancerogena svojstva koja se obično usmeravaju ka bešici.
Ključne reči: farba za kosu, sastav hemijskih elemenata, Spektroskopije
atomske apsorpcije plamena, aktivacija neutrona, sadržaju tragovima, kancerogena
svojstva
