Vol.3, No 1, 2006 pp. 43 - 50
UDC
502.12
ECOCRITICISM – INTERDISCIPLINARY STUDY
OF LITERATURE AND ENVIRONMENT
Jelica Tošić
Faculty of Occupational Safety, University of Niš
Abstract.
As a separate movement or school of literary criticism, ecocriticism started developing in the 1990s. In the initial phase particularly, it was a meeting place of American critics dealing exclusively with American literature. Being serious proponents of their theory and trying to demonstrate and enable the verification of their results, ecocritics hve founded their association ASLE (Association for the Study of Literature and Environment) and their journal ISLE (Interdisciplinary Studies in Literature and Environment).
The word ecocriticism is a semineologism. Eco is short of ecology, which is concerned with the relationships between living organisms in their natural environment as well as their relationships with that environment. By analogy, ecocriticism is concerned with the relationships between literature and environment or how man's relationships with his physical environment are reflected in literature. These are obviously interdisciplinary studies, unusual as a combination of a natural science and a humanistic discipline. That unusual (interdisciplinary) combination of the physical and the spiritual can be seen in some of the terms used in ecology and ecocriticism, which both have the same aim: to contribute to the preservation and survival of man.
Key Words:
Ecocriticism, Ecology, Literary Criticism
EKOKRITIKA – INTERDISCIPLINARNO PROUČAVANJE KNJIŽEVNOSTI I ŽIVOTNE SREDINE
Kao poseban pokret ili škola književne kritike, ekokritika je počela da se razvija tek devedesetih godina dvadesetog veka. Naročito u početnoj fazi, ona je bila stecište isključivo američkih kritičara i bila je ograničena na bavljenje američkom književnošću. Kao ozbiljni zagovornici svoje teorije, koji pretenduju na prikazivanje i verifikaciju svojih rezultata, ekokritičari su osnovali svoju organizaciju ASLE (Association for the Study of Literature and Environment – Društvo za proučavanje književnosti i životne sredine), ali i svoj stručni časopis ISLE (Interdisciplinary Studies in Literature and Environment – Interdisciplinarno proučavanje književnosti i životne sredine).
Sama reč ekokritika predstavlja neku vrstu poluneologizma. Prefiks eko- predstavlja skraćenicu za ekologija, koja za predmet svog interesovanja ima proučavanje medjusobnih odnosa svih živih bića u njihovom prirodnom okruženju, kao i njihove odnose i veze sa tim istim okruženjem. Reč je oA proučavanju književnosti i životne sredine tj. ekokritika proučava kako se u književnosti ili književnim delima reflektuju odnosi čoveka i fizičke sredine u kojoj on živi. Reč je, očigledno, o interdisciplinarnom proučavanju, koje predstavlja neuobičajeno kombinovanje jedne prirodne i jedne humanističke discipline. Taj neverovatan spoj (ili interdisciplinarnost) fizičkog i duhovnog može se videti u terminologiji dve nauke, ekologije i ekokritike, koje se udružuju u cilju očuvanja i opstanka čoveka.
Ključne reči:
bakar, akumulacija, dostupnost, zemljište vinograda
