Vol.2, No 5, 2005 pp. 471 - 476
UDC 651.2:331.101.1
THE ERGONOMIC ASPECT OF THE PREVENTION
OF THE DISEASES RELATED
TO THE WORK OF COMPUTER OPERATORS
Mirjana Aranđelović, Jovica Jovanović
Faculty of Medicine, Niš, Department of Occupational Medicine, University
of Niš
Abstract. Workers who operate computers tend to hold their bodies
in a fixed position for extended periods in order to maintain a consistent
physical relationship with the equipment. For example, typists must maintain
a fixed spatial relationship between their shoulders and the keyboard in
order to strike the proper key each time without looking. In addition to
maintaining a fixed shoulder position, they often maintain a rigid neck
position necessary for looking for long periods at the copyholder or the
computer monitor. Computer operators often complain of fatigue in the neck,
upper back, shoulders, arms or wrists, especially when they use the computer
for long hours. They also experience visual problems from long-term viewing
of the computer monitor. The appropriate set-up and use of the computer
workstation can help reduce these aches and pains. A successful ergonomics
program should simultaneously improve health and enhance productivity.
Exercises designed specifically to relieve physical stress and strain and
conducted at the workstation may be helpful in reducing musculoskeletal
discomfort.
Key Words: Computer operators, ergonomics, prevention, occupational
disease
ERGONOMSKI ASPEKT PREVENCIJE BOLESTI
U VEZI SA RADOM KOD RADA ZA KOMPJUTEROM
Radnici koji rade za kompjuterom imaju sklonost da duži vremenski period
svoje telo drže u prinudnom položaju kako bi održali stalni fizički odnos
sa opremom. Na primer, radnik mora da zadrži prostorni odnos između svojih
ramena i tastature kako bi svaki put upotrebio pravu dirku, bez gledanja.
Zbog nefiziološkog položaja ramena, veoma često oni moraju da drže i vrat
u prinudnom položaju što je posledica stalnog gledanja u tekst koji se
kuca ili u monitor kompjutera. Ovi radnici često navode da osećaju umor
i bolove u predelu vrata, gornjeg dela kičme, ramena, ruku ili zglobova,
naročito kada kompjuter koriste duži vremenski period. Takođe navode da
imaju problema sa vidom zbog dugog gledanja u monitor kompjutera. Uspešan
ergonomski program bi trebalo da bude usmeren na poboljšanju zdravlja radnika
i povećanju produktivnosti rada.Vežbe koje su osmišljene isključivo za
opuštanje od fizičkog stresa i napetosti i koje se mogu primenjivati na
radnom mestu, takođe mogu biti veoma korisne za umanjenje neudobnosti pojedinih
položaja mišića i zglobova.
Ključne reči: kompjuter, ergonomija, prevencija, profesionalne
bolesti.
