Vol. 11, No 1, 2013 pp. 45 - 53
DOI 10.2298/FUPCT1301045S
UDC 582.29 : 615.28
ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF METHANOL EXTRACTS OF FOUR PARMELIACEAE LICHEN SPECIES
Igor Stojanović1, Niko Radulović2, Vladimir Cvetković3, Tatjana Mitrović3, Slaviša Stamenković3
1Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Niš,
bul. Z. Djindjića 81, 18000 Niš, Serbia
2Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Mathematics,
University of Niš, Višegradska 33, 18000 Niš, Serbia
3Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science and Mathematics,
University of Niš, Višegradska 33, 18000 Niš, Serbia
E-mail: igor.pfc@hotmail.com
Abstract.Antimicrobial activity of methanol extracts of four Parmeliaceae lichens (Hypogymnia physodes (L.) Nyl., Evernia prunastri (L.) Ach., Flavoparmelia caperata (L.) Hale and Parmelia sulcata Taylor) against a panel of microbial strains (11 Gram-positive (Enterococus sp., Bacillus subtilllis, Sarcina lutea, Micrococus luteus, Staphylococcus aureus, Clostridium sporogenes) and Gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli, Proteus vulgaris, Salmonela enteritidis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae), the filamentous fungus A. niger and the yeast C. albicans) was assayed using a disk diffusion method (1 mg of the extract per disc; extracts were dissolved in methanol, 25 mg/mL). All tested extracts showed moderate antimicrobial activity. Multivariate statistical treatment (agglomerative hierarchical clustering analysis, AHC) of the obtained results allowed grouping of the samples according to their antimicrobial potential against different strains: antimicrobial profile of H. physodes and E. prunastri extracts were comparable; the similar is true for F. caperata and P. sulcata samples. In addition, based on the similarities/
dissimilarities in their susceptibility toward the tested extracts, two groups of microorganisms could be distinguished: Group I – P. vulgaris, K. pneumoniae (Gram-negative bacteria), A. niger and C. albicans; Group II – E. coli, S. enteritidis, P. aeruginosa (Gram-negative bacteria) and all of the assayed Gram-positive strains.
Key words: Hypogymnia physodes (L.) Nyl., Evernia prunastri (L.) Ach., Flavoparmelia caperata (L.) Hale, Parmelia sulcata Taylor, methanol extract, antimicrobial activity
ANTIMIKROBNA AKTIVNOST METANOLNIH EKSTRAKATA ČETIRI VRSTE LIŠAJEVA IZ PORODICE PARMELIACEAE
U ovom radu je disk-difuzionom metodom (1 mg uzorka ekstrakta po disku; ekstrakti su rastvarani u metanolu; koncentracija je bila 25 mg/mL) određena antimikrobna aktivnost metanolnih ekstrakata četiri vrste lišaja iz porodice Parmeliaceae (Hypogymnia physodes (L.) Nyl., Evernia prunastri (L.) Ach., Flavoparmelia caperata (L.) Hale i Parmelia sulcata Taylor). Testirana je aktivnost na 11 sojeva Gram-pozitivnih (Enterococus sp., Bacillus subtilllis, Sarcina lutea, Micrococus luteus, Staphylococcus aureus, Clostridium sporogenes) i Gram-negativnih bakterija (Escherichia coli, Proteus vulgaris, Salmonela enteritidis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae), i po jedna plesan (A. niger) i kvasac (C. albicans). Svi testirani ekstrakti su pokazali umerenu antimikrobnu aktivnost. Multivarijantna statistička analiza (aglomerativna hijerarhijska klaster analiza) dobijenih rezultata omogućila je da se testirani uzorci grupišu na osnovu sličnosti/razlika u pokazanoj antimikrobnoj aktivnosti prema različitim sojevima mikroorganizama: antimikrobni profili ekstrakata H. physodes i E. prunastri su bili uporedivi; slično važi za ekstrakte F. caperata i P. sulcata. Pored toga, na osnovu sličnosti/razlika u osetljivosti na dejstvo ekstrakata proučavanih lišajeva, ovde testirani mikroorganizmi se mogu podeliti u dve grupe: Grupa I – P. vulgaris, K. pneumoniae (Gram-negativne bakterije), A. niger i C. albicans; Grupa II – E. coli, S. enteritidis, P. aeruginosa (Gram-negativne bakterije) i sve ispitivane Gram-pozitivne vrste.
Ključne reči: Hypogymnia physodes (L.) Nyl., Evernia prunastri (L.) Ach., Flavoparmelia caperata (L.) Hale, Parmelia sulcata Taylor, metanolni ekstrakt, antimikrobna aktivnost
