Vol. 10, No 1, 2012 pp. 45 - 50
DOI 10.2298/FUPCT1201045P
UDC 582.583 + 631.416 : 581.135.5
EFFECTS OF ELEVATED SALINITY OF THE GROWING MEDIUM ON RHIZOME ESSENTIAL OIL YIELD AND FATTY ACID COMPOSITION OF Curcuma longa L. (ZINGIBERACEAE)
Mahesh Pal*, Shweta Singh, Anil Kumar, Shri Krishan Tewari
Phytochemistry Division, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute Lucknow-226001, U.P., India
E-mail: drmpal.nbri@rediffmail.com
Abstract.This study was aimed at the examination of the effects of increased salinity of growing medium on the fatty acid composition and yield of rhizome essential oil of Curcuma longa L. The analyses (gas chromatography and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry) of the transesterified petroleum ether extract of rhizomes grown under non-saline conditions (0.0 mM NaCl; control) showed that the dominant fatty acids were oleic (48.6%), myristic (15.0%), linoleic (7.9%), palmitic (6.8%) and linolenic (2.4%). Increased growth medium salinity (25.0, 50.0 and 75.0 mM NaCl) provoked significant changes in the relative amounts of some acids. Increase of NaCl concentration caused an increase in the amount of linoleic and linolenic acids, but had the opposite or no effect on myristic and oleic acids quantity. The yield of the essential oil obtained from fresh control rhizome (non-saline conditions) was 1.7%. When C. longa was grown in a low-salinity medium (25.0 mM NaCl), the oil yield remained the same. However, under high salinity conditions the yield reached 2.9% (50.0 mM NaCl), i.e. 3.1% (75.0 mM NaCl). Our results clearly show that the studied plant species is susceptible to high salinity induced stress.
Key words: Curcuma longa L. (Zingiberaceae), salinity, rhizome, fatty acids, essential oil
UTICAJ POVEĆANOG SALINITETA PODLOGE ZA GAJENJE NA PRINOS ETARSKOG ULJA I SASTAV MASNIH KISELINA BILJNE VRSTE Curcuma longa L. (ZINGIBERACEAE)
U ovom radu su prikazani rezultati ispitivanja uticaja povećanog saliniteta podloge za gajenje na prinos etarskog ulja i sastav masnih kiselina rizoma biljne vrste Curcuma longa L. Analiza (gasna hromatografija i gasna hromatografija sa masenom detekcijom) transesterifikovanog petrol-etarskog ekstrakta rizoma gajenog pod kontrolnim uslovima (0,0 mM NaCl u podlozi) pokazala je da su najzastupljenije masne kiseline bile oleinska (48,6%), miristinska (15,0%), linolna (7,9%), palmitinska (6,8%) i linoleinska (2,4%). Povećani salinitet podloge za gajenje (25,0, 50,0 i 75,0 mM NaCl) izazvao je različite promene u relativnim zastupljenostima pomenutih kiselina. Povećanje koncentracije natrijum-hlorida prouzrokovalo je povećanje relativnih količina linolne i linoleinske kiseline. Istovremeno, relativni udeo oleinske kiseline je opao, dok je sadržaj miristinske kiseline ostao nepromenjen. Prinos etarskog ulja (svež kontrolni uzorak rizoma) bio je 1,7%. Nisu uočene promene u prinosu ulja onda kada je C. longa gajena u uslovima niskog saliniteta (25mM). Međutim, pri višim koncentracijama natrijum-hlorida u podlozi prinos ulja je dostigao 2,9% (50,0 mM NaCl), odnosno 3,1% (75,0 mM NaCl). Dobijeni rezultati jasno ukazuju na to da je ova biljna vrsta osetljiva prema fiziološkom stresu prouzrokovanom povećanim salinitetom.
Ključne reči: Curcuma longa L. (Zingiberaceae), salinitet, rizom, masne kiseline, etarsko ulje
