Vol. 8, No 1, 2010 pp. 25 - 37
DOI 10.2298/FUPCT1001025R
UDC 577.13 : 635.75
A NOTE ON THE VOLATILE SECONDARY METABOLITES OF FOENICULUM VULGARE MILL. (APIACEAE)
Niko S. Radulović, Polina D. Blagojević
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Mathematics, University of Nis, Serbia
Abstract. An analysis (GC and GC/MS) of Foeniculum vulgare Mill. (fennel) root and schizocarp essential oils and diethyl ether extracts enabled the identification of 89 different components, representing 98.2-100% of the total samples. One fourth of the identified compounds (24 in total) are reported for the first time as fennel volatiles. The most abundant classes of constituents of all four analyzed samples were the phenylpropanoids (69.5-85.5%) and monoterpenoids (11.7-26.9%). The dominant volatile metabolites of the schizocarps were fenchone (13.3-18.8%) and (E)-anethole (66.1-69.0%). Contrary to that, terpinolene (6.2-6.5%) and dillapiole (71.4-77.5%) were the major volatiles of fennel roots. The most striking differences between the chemical composition of the analyzed oils and their corresponding extracts were a rather surprising presence of a significant relative amount of apiole in the root oil (9.3%; this compound was detected only in trace amounts in the root extract) and the high percentage of 10-nonacosanone in the schizocarp extract (5.8%; this ketone was absent from the schizocarp oil). Possible explanations of the mentioned differences were put forward. The AMS (average mass scan of the total ion chromatogram) profiles/fingerprints of the volatile oils and extracts of F. vulgare roots and fruits are also given in the paper.
Key words: Foeniculum vulgare Mill., Apiaceae, essential oil, diethyl ether extract, root, schizocarp
ISPARLJIVI SEKUNDARNI METABOLITI BILJNE VRSTE FOENICULUM VULGARE MILL. (APIACEAE)
Ukupno 89 jedinjenja, koja su sačinjavala 98,2-100% etarskih ulja i dietil-etarskih ekstrakata korena i šizokarpa biljne vrste Foeniculum vulgare Mill. (morač), je identifikovano korišćenjem gasne hromatografije i gasne hromatografije sa masenom detekcijom (GC i GC/MS). Čak četvrtina (ukupno 24) od svih identifikovanih jedinjenja u analiziranim uzorcima nije nađena u ranije proučavanim uljima/ekstraktima morača. Najzastupljenije klase jedinjenja u svim analiziranim uzorcima su bili fenilpropanoidi (69,5-85,5%) i monoterpenoidi (11,7-26,9%). Dominantni sastojci etarskog ulja i dietil-etarskog ekstrakta šizokarpa morača su bili fenhon (13,3-18,8%) i (E)-anetol (66,1-69,0%). Nasuprot tome, uzorci dobijeni iz korena F. vulgare sadržali su značajnu količinu terpinolena (6,2-6,5%) i dilapiola (71,4-77,5%). Najznačajnije razlike u hemijskim sastavima analiziranih ulja i odgovarajućih ekstrakata se odnose na visok relativni udeo apiola u ulju korena (9,3%; u ekstraktu korena apiol je bio prisutan tek u tragovima) i značajan procenat 10-nonakozanona u ekstraktu šizokarpa (5,8%; ovaj keton nije detektovan u ulju plodova). Predložene su hipoteze za objašnjenje pomenutih razlika. U radu su dati i UMS (usrednjeni maseni sken ukupnog jonskog hromatograma) profili/”otisci prsta”analiziranih ulja i ekstrakta vrste F. vulgare.
Ključne reči: Foeniculum vulgare Mill., Apiaceae, etarsko ulje, dietil-etarski ekstrakt, koren, šizokarpi
