Vol.4, No 1, 2006 pp. 21 - 34
UDC 534.8+504.055
STRATEGIC DIRECTIONS IN IMPLEMENTATION
OF ENVIRONMENTAL NOISE DIRECTIVE
IN INTERNATIONAL AND NATIONAL LEGISLATION
D. Cvetković, M. Praščević
Faculty of Occupational Safety, Čarnojevića 10a, 18000, Niš, Serbia
& Montenegro
Abstract. Until 1996, the noise policy in Europe had concentrated
on the regulations of noise emission from noise sources as road traffic,
aircraft and equipment used outdoors. Although noise limits have become
increasingly stringent over the years, no corresponding significant reduction
in noise emission has been observed. In response to this, the European
noise policy has been revised to focus on noise reception. Thus, the Green
Paper from 1996 defines as the basic aim of future noise policy that "no
person should be exposed to noise levels which endanger health and quality
of life". The structure of a new future noise policy has to be based on
the Directive on the Assessment and Management of Environmental Noise,
2002/43/EC. The Directive defines the three key elements: assessment of
environmental noise through strategic noise mapping, implementation of
action plans to reduce noise where necessary and information for the public
about noise levels and its effects. The Directive defines the common noise
indicators and methods for strategic noise mapping as well as the deadline
for the Directive implementation. The Directive implementation at national
and local level means enacting the new acts or amending existing acts.
In this paper, the proposal of steps that can be taken for harmonization
of national acts with the basic principles and elements of the Directive
is presented and discussed.
Key words: noise, management, noise indicators.
STRATEŠKI PRAVCI U IMPLEMENTACIJI DIREKTIVE
O BUCI
U ŽIVOTNOJ SREDINI NA MEĐUNARODNOM I NACIONALNOM
NIVOU
Osnovna karakteristika strategije borbe protiv buke u Evropi do 1996. godine
bila je definisanje propisa koji ograničavaju emisiju buke potencijalnih
izvora, pre svega drumskog saobraćaja, aviona i opreme koja se koristi
na otvorenom prostoru. Iako su granični nivoi bili sve strožiji, iz godine
u godinu, nije napravljen značajan pomak u redukciji imisije buke. Zbog
toga se strategija menja i fokusira na mesto prijema buke. Dokumentom "Green
paper" iz 1996. godine definiše se osnovni cilj buduće strategije borbe
protiv buke da "ni jedna osoba ne treba da bude izložena nivou buke koji
može ugroziti zdravlje i kvalitet života". Struktura nove strategije buke
definisana je direktivom 2002/43/EC koja se odnosi na ocenu i menadžment
bukom u životnoj sredini (END). Tri ključna elementa direktive obuhvataju
ocenu buke u životnoj sredini strategijskim mapiranjem buke, implemntaciju
akcionih planova za redukciju buke tamo gde je to neophodno i informisanje
javnosti o nivoima buke i njenim efektima. Direktivom su definisani zajednički
indikatori buke i metode za strategijsko mapiranje buke kao i rokovi za
implementaciju direktive. Implementacija direktive na nacionalnom i lokalnom
planu podrazumeva donošenje novih ili izmenu postojećih zakona. U radu
je dat prikaz koraka koje je neophodno preduzeti za usaglašavanje nacionalnog
zakonodavstva sa osnovnim principima i elementima END direktive.
