Vol.1, No 5, 1998 pp. 21- 27
UDC 796.012.11:591.473-035.56
Scientific paper
BODY COMPOSITION AND PEAK AEROBIC POWER
IN INTERNATIONAL LEVEL HUNGARIAN ATHLETES
J. Mészáros, Y. Soliman, M. Othman, J. Mohácsi
Semmelweis University, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences,
Budapest, Hungary
Abstract. As an independent aspects, body size, physique,
body composition and physiological performance of elite athletes have aroused
the interest of exercise scientists, but studies that combine these aspects
in elite athletes are scarcely available.
The aim of the present study was to describe the selected anthropometric
and exercise physiological characteristics of some Hungarian top athletes.
The investigated subjects were qualified Hungarian water polo players
(n = 25), paddlers (n = 24) and modern pentathlonists (n = 20), all of
whom had been medalists at several continental and intercontinental competitions.
The athletes' body composition was estimated by the Drinkwater-Ross (1980)
body mass fractionation technique. Peak physiological performance was estimated
by graded exhausting spiroergometric treadmill exercise.
Intergroup differences in mean height, body mass and body composition
characteristics were significant at the 5% level of random error. By the
results of spiroergometry, all the three groups compared could be qualified
as physically excellently trained. The greatest oxygen uptake relative
to body mass was found in the modern pentathlonists (73.22 mL x kg-1
x min-1) and the lowest one (59.79) in
the water polo players. The authors do not disregard the favourable effects
of regular and adequate trainings in the development of the studied characteristics,
but in their opinion the process of proper selection has been the most
important factor that explains the observed significant intergroup differences.
Key words: athletes, relative bone, muscle and fat mass, relative
aerobic power.
KOMPOZICIJA TELA I VRHUNSKA SNAGA
KOD MAĐARSKIH SPORTISTA MEĐUNARODNOG RANGA
Kao nezavisni vid, telesna mera, sastav tela, fizičko i fiziološko dostignuće
elitnih sportista pobuđivalo je interesovanje kineziologa, mada su studije
koje kombinuju ove aspekte kod vrhunskih sportista jedva dostupne. Cilj
ove studije je bio da se opišu odabrane antropometrijske i motoričko-fiziološke
karakteristike nekih mađarskih vrhunskih sportista. Ispitivani subjekti
su bili kvalifikovani mađarski vaterpolo igrači (n = 25), veslači (n =
24) i moderni višebojci (n = 20) od kojih su svi bili osvajači medalja
na nekoliko kontinentalnih i interkontinentalnih takmičenja. Telesna kompozicija
sportista je procenjivana pomoću "Drinkwater-Ros" (1980) frakcione tehnike
za masu tela.
Vrhunsko funkcionalno dostignuće je procenjivano gradacijom izdisaja
vežbanjem na spiroergometrijskom "tredmilu". Intergrupne razlike u prosečnim
vrednostima, karakteristike telesne mase i telesne kompozicije su bile
značajne na .005. Kod rezultata spiroergometrije sve tri komparirane grupe
se mogu okvalifikovati kao fizički odlično pripremljene (utrenirane). Najveća
relativna potrošnja kiseonika u odnosu na masu tela utvrđena je kod modernih
petobojaca, a najmanja kod vaterpolo igrača. Autori ne negiraju favorizovane
efekte redovnog i odgovarajućeg treninga u razvoju ispitivanih karakteristika,
ali prema njihovom mišljenju, proces pravilne selekcije je bio najznačajniji
faktor koji objašnjava posmatrane značajne intergrupne razlike.
Ključne reči: sportisti, relativna masa kostiju, mišića, masnog
tkiva, relativna aerobna snaga.
