FACTA UNIVERSITATIS

Vol. 10, No 2, 2012 pp. 135 - 140
UDC 797.21.26(497.11)
Original empirical article

INFLUENCE OF THE BACK PLATE ON KINEMATICAL STARTING PARAMETER CHANGES IN ELITE MALE SERBIAN SWIMMERS
Igor Beretić^1,3, Marko Đurović^2,3, Tomislav Okičić²
¹Faculty of Sport and Physical Education, University of Novi Sad, Serbia
²Faculty of Sport and Physical Education, University of Niš, Serbia
³Serbian Swimming Federation
E-mail: okicictomislav@yahoo.com

Abstract. The aim of this study was to find the differences in kinematical parameters between different types of swimming start performance, one from a starting block with a new incline back plate platform and the other from a starting block without the back plate. Twenty-seven elite male swimmers completed three dive and 10m maximum swim effort starts using the back plate and three traditional track starts without the back plate. A repeated measure analysis of variance (ANOVA) was utilized to determine the significant difference for each kinematical variable. The results indicated that the start with a back plate was significantly faster than the start without a back plate on the 10m sprint F=4.28, p=0.04; Significant differences were determined for the size of the rear leg knee joint angle at set position F=15.27, p=0.00; rear foot ankle joint angle at set position F= 5.38, p=0,02; reaction time F=8.42, p=0.00; and also flight time F=5.17, p=0.02. It is recommended that the values in the angle of the rear knee joint at the set position in a start with the back plate could be slightly higher, and a further improvement of starting speed should be in the direction of increasing those angle values. As a result, the Center of Mass should be moved forward slightly, allowing even faster reaction time, significantly shorter flight time duration without sacrificing a significant reduction in flight distance.
Key words: swimming start, track start, kick start.

UTICAJ STARTNE PLATFORME NA PROMENE U VREDNOSTIMA KINEMATIČKIH PARAMETARA PRILIKOM STARTA KOD VRHUNSKIH SRPSKIH PLIVAČA Cilj ove studije bio je da se utvrde razlike u vrednostima kinematičkih parametara prilikom različito sprovedenog starta u plivanju, najpre skokom sa startnog bloka tj., platforme postavljene pod određenim uglom i najzad skokom sa startnog bloka uobičajenim startom (bez promene ugla platforme). Dvadeset sedam vrhunskih plivača izvelo je po tri skoka navedenim načinima sa preplivanjem deonice od 10m maksimalnim intezitetom. Kod utvrđivanja statistički značajnih razlika za svaku kinematičku varijablu, korišćena je analiza varijanse (ANOVA) za ponovljena merenja. Rezultati su ukazali da je start sa startne platforme postavljene pod uglom sa preplivanjem 10m maksimalnim intezitetom, brži u odnosu na start i preplivanje sa platforme uobičajenim načinom. Statistički značajne razlike utvrđene su u veličini ugla zgloba kolena i skočnog zgloba zadnje noge u startnom položaju, vremenu reakcije, kao i vremenu leta. Preporuka je da bi ugao u zglobu kolena zadnje noge u startnom položaju prilikom skoka sa startne platforme postavljene pod određenim uglom, trebalo da bude nešto veći, a dalje poboljšanje startne brzine bi trebalo da bude posledica pomeranja težišta tela unapred, što će omogućiti kraće vreme reakcije i značajno kraće vreme leta plivača, bez smanjenja dužine leta.
Ključne reči: start u plivanju, trak start, kik start