Vol. 8, No 1, 2010 pp. 9 - 20
UDC 796.035
Original empirical article
ENERGY EXPENDITURE AND QUALITATIVE ASPECTS OF PHYSICAL EDUCATION LESSONS IN BUENOS AIRES CITY, ARGENTINA
Claudio Jorge Santa María, Fernando Alberto Laíño,
Juan Carlos Pintamalli
Principal Instituto Superior de Ciencias de la Salud and Centro de Investigaciones en Salud, Educación y Deportes (CISED), Yerbal 1885, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires 1406, Argentina
Abstract. The aims of this paper were to describe physical activity levels in relation to content and teacher interventions, and the influence of selected variables, during physical education lessons in elementary schools within Buenos Aires, Argentina. This study uses SOFIT (System for Observing Fitness Instruction Time), which is a validated observation method. It is a comprehensive system based on the observation of student activity, lesson context, and teacher involvement. The authors examined each phase using percentages of observed intervals. A total of 359 boys and 353 girls, aged 6−12, were studied. The energy expenditure rate (EER) of the lessons (N = 55 classes) was estimated. The influence of the type of group (mixed, boys, girls) and of the grade attended by the participants was determined by the Kruskall-Wallis test (p<0.05). Among the sixth and seventh graders who attended single-sex classes, girls spent a higher fraction of time standing, and boys walking. Among all of the students, the percentage of time spent in moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) was 46.57%. Mean EER was 0.0872 (0.002) kcal/kg/min. Overall, for phase 2-, the general content (management activities, transition, and breaks) ranked highest at 38.9%, with game play coming in second (20.2%). For phase 3-, “instructs generally” ranked first (41.9% of the observed intervals). In all of the variables, significant differences were found among sixth and seventh graders. First graders had the highest mean EER. The percentage of MVPA is slightly lower than the U.S. recommendation of 50%. These findings should have broad general application for the planning of school-based physical education.
Key words:
SOFIT, physical education, physical activity, health
POTROŠNJA ENERGIJE I KVALITATIVNI ASPEKTI ČASOVA FIZIČKOG VASPITANJA U BUENOS AIRESU, ARGENTINA
Ciljevi ovog rada bili su da se opišu nivoi fizičke aktivnosti u odnosu na njihovu sadržinu i uticaj nastavnika, i uticaj određenih varijabli, tokom časova fizičke kulture u osnovnim školama u Buenos Airesu, Argentina. U istraživanju korišćen je SOFIT (system za posmatranje vremena posvećenog instrukcijama za fitness), kao validan metod obzervacije. To je složeni system koji se zasniva na posmatranju učeničke aktivnosti, sadržine nastave i uticaja nastavnika. Autori su analizirali svaku fazu koristeći procenat intervala posmatranja. Ukupno je učestvovalo 359 dečaka i 353 devojčica, starosti 6−12. Proučavan je stepen potrošnje energije (EER) tokom časova (N = 55 časova). Uticaj tipa grupe (mešovita, dečaci, devojčice) i razreda koji učesnici pohađaju utvrđen je Kruskall-Wallis testom (p<0.05). Među decom iz šestog i sedmog razreda koji su bili u jednorodnim odelenjima, devojčice su provodile više vremena stojeći, a dečaci hodajući. Među svim đacima, procenat vremena koji su provodili u umerenim ili žustrim fizičkim aktivnostima (MVPA) bio je 46.57%. Srednja vrednost EER je 0.0872 ( 0.002) kcal/kg/min. Uopšteno gledajući, tokom faze 2-, sadržaj opšteg tipa (upravljanje, prelazi, i pauze) činio je 38.9%, dok je igra bila na drugom mestu (20.2%). U fazi 3-, “uopšteno daje instrukcije” bilo je na prvom mestu (41.9% posmatranih intervala). U svim varijablama, značajne razlike pronađene su samo među učenicima šestog i sedmog razreda. Učenici prvog razreda imali su najveću srednju vrednost EER. Procenat MVPA nešto je niži od onog koji se preporučuje u Sjedinjenim Američkim Državama, 50%. Ovi rezultati bi trebalo da imaju široku primenu u planiranju časova fizičke kulture u školama.
Ključne reči:
SOFIT, fizička kultura, fizička aktivnost, zdravlje
