Vol. 7, No 1, 2009 pp. 1 - 15
UDC 796.034-056.26
Original empirical article
IS SIGHT THE MAIN DETERRENT TO RACE PERFORMANCE
IN VISUALLY IMPAIRED COMPETITIVE SWIMMERS?
Daniel Daly1, Laurie A. Malone2,
Brendan Burkett3,
Tomas Gabrys4, Danguole Satkunskiene5
1Department of Rehabilitation Sciences,
Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
2Lakeshore Foundation, Birmingham,
Alabama, USA
3University of the Sunshine Coast,
Maroochydore, Queensland, Australia
4Warsaw Academy of Physical Education,
Warsaw, Poland
5Lithuanian Academy of Physical Education,
Kaunas, Lithuania
E-mail: dan.daly@faber.kuleuven.be
Abstract. A video race analysis was conducted at the Sydney 2000
Olympic and Paralympic Games in the 100-m freestyle event for three visually
impaired classes (S11, S12, & S13) in both males and females. Supplementary
information was available in small sub-samples for some physiological and
biomechanical parameters. All visually impaired swimmers used race speed
patterns similar to Olympic swimmers. These swimmers did not spend more
race time starting or turning. The S11 class with greatest impairment swam
slowest and was least competitive. Classes S12 and S13 did not differ in
this respect. The race patterns of stroke rate and stroke length in visually
impaired also matched those of Olympic swimmers although absolute stroke
length values differed. Elite visually impaired swimmers achieve high post
race lactate levels, and use arm coordination matching elite able-bodied
swimmers. Aerobic capacity might, however, be low. Degree of visual impairment
does not appear to be the main distinguishing factor of race performance.
Key words: race analysis, freestyle, disability sport,
paralympics, olympics
DA LI JE VID GLAVNI SPREČAVAJUĆI FAKTOR
KOD IZVOĐENJA TRKA TAKMIČARSKIH PLIVAČA
KOJI IMAJU OŠTEĆENJE VIDA
Analiza video trke je sprovedena u Sidneju 2000 na Olimpijskim i Paralimpijskim
igarama na 100-metara slobodnog stila za tri klase koji imaju oštećenje
vida (S11, S12 & S13) kod muškaraca i kod žena. Dodatne informacije
su dostupne u malim pod-uzorcima za neke fiziološke i biomehaničke parametre.
Svi plivači sa oštećenjem vida su koristili brzinske obrasce slične
olimpijskim plivačima. Ovi plivači nisu trošili mnogo vremena na početku
trke ili pri okretima. S11 klasa sa najvećim oštećenjima su plivali
najsporije i bili su najmanje konkurentni. Klase S12 i S13 se nisu razlikovale.
Obrasci trke brzine poteza i dužine poteza kod onih sa oštećenim vidom
su takođe upoređivani sa Olimpijskim plivačima iako su vrednosti apsolutne
dužine poteza bile različite. Elitni plivači sa oštećenjem vida su
postigli visoke nivoe laktata posle trke, i koriste koordinaciju ruku koja
odgovara elitnim plivačima sa jakim telima. Aerobički kapaciteti mogu,
ipak biti niski. Stepen oštećenja vida izgleda da nije glavni faktor
isticanja u performansama trka.
Ključne reči: analiza trka, slobodan stil, sportovi sa invaliditetom,
paralimpičari, olimpijada
