Vol.1, No 8, 2001 pp. 51 - 59
UDC 796.011.5:178
Scientific Paper
DOPING IN SPORT:
SOME ISSUES FOR MEDICAL PRACTITIONERS
Ivan Waddington
Centre for Sports Studies, University College Dublin, Ireland;
University College Chester, UK; Visiting Researcher, Norwegian University
of Sport and Physical Education, Oslo, Norway
E-mail: ivan.waddington@ntlworld.com
Abstract. The paper examines the recent history of sports medicine.
It is argued that, beginning sometime in the interwar period and accelerating
rapidly in the last three or four decades, there has been a dramatic shift
in the research orientation of many leading sports physicians and, associated
with this, an equally dramatic change in the nature of sports medicine
as a discipline. This process has involved a radical shift away from the
situation in which early sports physicians saw sport primarily as a source
of data for the study of human physiology and were more or less uninterested
in the attempt to set new athletic records; conversely, as sports physicians
have become more and more involved in a sporting world which, particularly
since the 1950s, has become increasingly competitive, so have their scientific
activities both increasingly underpinned and increasingly been given meaning
by, the search for winning, and perhaps above all, for record-breaking
performances. If the early pioneers of sports medicine were largely unconcerned
about improving athletic performance, this has now become an important
part of the raison d'?tre of contemporary sports medicine. The growing
involvement of sports physicians in the search for record-breaking and
competition-winning performances, especially since the 1950s, has increasingly
involved them not merely in the search for improved diets or training methods,
but also in the development of performance-enhancing drugs and techniques.
In order to understand doping in modern elite sport it is therefore necessary
to understand the relationships between elite level performers and sports
physicians.
Key words: Drugs, doping, sports medicine, medical practitioners
DOPING U SPORTU:
NEKI PROBLEMI ZA MEDICINSKE STRUČNJAKE
Ovaj rad istražuje blisku istoriju medicine sporta. Pretpostavlja se da
se pojavila negde u periodu između dva rata i rapidno je napredovala u
poslednje tri do četiri decenije, kada su nastale dramatične promene u
istraživačkoj orjentaciji mnogih vodećih sportskih lekara i u vezi s tim,
istovetne dramatične promene u prirodi sportske medicine, kao discipline.
Ovaj proces je podrazumevao radikalne promene, daleko od situacija u kojima
su raniji sportski lekari sagledavali sport, prvenstveno, kao izvor podataka
za studije fiziologije čoveka, i bili su, manje ili više, nezainteresovani
za pokušaje postavljanja novih sportskih rekorda; s druge strane, kako
su sportski lekari sve više i više uključivani u svet sporta koji je, posebno
od 1950-tih godina postao izuzetno takmičarski, tako se njihove naučne
aktivnosti, ujedno neprekidno razvijaju i istovremeno dobijaju smisao potrage
za pobedom i verovatno, iznad svega, potrage za dostignućima koja obaraju
rekorde. Ukoliko su rani predvodnici sportske medicine bili, mahom, nezainteresovani
za napredak sportskog dostignuća, ovo sada predstavlja najznačajniji smisao
i razlog postojanja savremene medicine sporta. Rastuće uključivanje sportskih
lekara u trku za obaranjem rekorda i pobedničkih dostignuća, naročito posle
1950-tih, sve ih više povezuje, upravo, ne samo sa unapređivanjem pravilne
ishrane ili metoda treninga, već sa razvojem droga i tehnika koje doprinose
poboljšanju dostignuća. Radi razumevanja dopinga u savremenom elitnom sportu,
neophodno je razumeti povezanost između vrhunskih dostignuća i sportskih
lekara.
Ključne reči: lekovi, doping, sportska medicina, sportski lekari.
