Vol.1, No 8, 2001 pp. 1 - 12
UDC 796.615.851:615.875
Scientific Paper
ULTRASOUND-BASED SPINAL COLUMN
EXAMINATION SYSTEMS
Attila Zsidai, László Kocsis
Budapest University of Technology and Economics
Faculty of Mechanical Engineering
Department of Applied Mechanics, Biomechanical Laboratory
E-mail: kocsis@mm.bme.hu
Abstract. The purpose of this study is to determine whether the
international rhythmic gymnastics judges at Sydney-2000 Olympic Games showed
a pattern of bias or not. To determine whether judges were biased in favor
of the rhythmic gymnasts from their own countries, and against the gymnasts
from other countries in close competition with their own, the score of
each individual judge was compared to the average of the remaining judges
on the panel. The results of sign-test analysis (in Individual All-Around
Qualification) revealed that judges were biased in their scoring of gymnasts.
Judges scored rhythmic gymnasts from their own countries higher than the
other members of the panels. The pattern of negative bias, when the judges
scored the gymnast in close competition with their own was not shown. The
analysis was made within the competition of 24 rhythmic gymnasts from 19
federations, including 4 events: Optional routines with rope, hoop, ball,
and band (39 cases in panel A-2, artistic value, and 57 cases in panel
B-Execution).
Key words: olympic games, Rhythmic Gymnastics, competition,
judging, evaluation, bias
ISTRAŽIVANJA KIČMENOG STUBA
BAZIRANA NA ULTRAZVUKU
U današnje vreme postoji povećana tendencija za širenje modernih sistema
za istraživanje kičme baziranih na ultrazvuku, kao dopuna tradicionalnim
metodama pregleda kičme, uključujući i skeniranje X-zracima, istraživanje
magnetnom rezonancom (MRI) i skeniranjem kompjuterskom tomografijom (CT).
Taj rad je baziran na karakterističnim obeležjima širenja ultrazvuka, jer
on ne opterećuje ljudski organizam štetnom radijacijom. Novi sistemi su
mobilni i pogodni za ispitivanje opterećenosti kičme bez obzira na strukturu.
U savremenoj medicinskoj praksi, vizuelni pregled i tradicionalni dijagnostički
testovi uključujući X-zrake, CT i MRI su dostupni za otkrivanje bolesti
i deformacija kičmenog stuba. Rezultati istraživanja su 2D (X-zraci) ili
3D (MRI, CT) slike kičme. Treba dosta vremena da se rezultati obrade, a
i postoje štetni efekti radijacijskog opterećenja, što je poznato. Na žalost,
još jedna mana ovih metoda je što, tokom skeniranja, pacijent mora da ostane
miran, što nije uvek moguće, pa verovatni pogrešni podaci se teško ispravljaju.
Ipak, treba naglasiti da su ovi tipovi testova preko potrebni za beleženje
čitavog oblika kičme. Realizovano je nekoliko koncepcija da bi se eliminisale
mane uobičajenih dijagnostičkih procedura, uz zadržavanje njihovih beneficija.
Zajednički cilj sredstava i procedura jeste da se poveća tačnost, jednostavnost,
brža iskorišćenost, dodatna obrada informacija, osiguranje reproduktivnosti
i da se izbegne štetna radijacija.
Ključne reči: kičma, ultrazvuk, analiza, motivacija, X-zraci,
MRI, CT.
