Vol 10, No 1, 2011 pp. 89-99
UDC 1(38)
THE COSMOLOGICAL THEORIES OF THE PRE-SOCRATIC GREEK PHILOSOPHERS AND THEIR PHILOSOPHICAL VIEWS FOR THE ENVIRONMENT
Efstratios Theodossiou¹, Vassilios N. Manimanis¹, Milan S. Dimitrijević²
¹Department of Astrophysics-Astronomy and Mechanics, School of Physics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece
²Astronomical Observatory of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
Email: etheodos@phys.uoa.gr, mdimitrijevic@aob.bg.ac.rs
In this paper the views related to nature, Mother-Earth and the natural environment in the ancient Greek world are discussed, from the Оrphic Hymns and the Homeric world, through the works of Hesiod and Sophocles, and the theories and works of the pre-Socratic philosophers, the Ionian School, Thales, Anaximander, Anaximenes, Heraclitus, Pythagoras and the Pythagoreans, Empedocles, Socrates, Plato, Aristotle, the Stoics and Neo-Platonists, with a particular emphasis on Plotinus. The common elements in the teaching of the pre-Socratic Ionian philosophers and of the latter ancient Greek natural philosophers were the observation of living environment and nature, the corresponding relations, changes and cyclic periodic variations. We note the attempts of Anaximander to formulate the need for the conservation of a dynamical equilibrium in nature and in ecosystems; also, his views on evolution of the leaving creatures and the humans.
Key words: history of science, natural philosophy, pre-Socratic philosophers, environment.
KOSMOLOŠKE TEORIJE GRČKIH PRESOKRATOVSKIH FILOZOFA I NJIHOVI FILOZOFSKI POGLEDI NA ČOVEKOVU ŽIVOTNU SREDINU
U ovom radu razmatraju se pogledi u antičkom grčkom svetu na prirodu, Majku Zemlju i čovekovu životnu sredinu, od Orfičkih himni i homerovskog sveta, preko radova Hezioda i Sofokla,i teorija i radova presokratovskih filozofa, Jonske škole, Talesa, Anaksimandra, Anaksimena, Heraklita, Pitagore i Pitagorejaca, Empedokla, Sokrata, Platona, Aristotela, Stoika i Neoplatonista sa posebnim naglaskom na Plotina. Zajednički elementi u učenju presokratovskih jonskih filozofa i kasnijih starogrčkih filozofa prirodnjaka bili su posmatranje čovekove životne sredine i prirode, odgovarajućih veza, promena i cikličkih i periodičkih varijacija. Naglašavamo pokušaje Anaksimandra da formuliše potrebu za očuvanjem dinamičke ravnoteže u prirodi i ekosistemima, kao i njegove poglede na evoluciju živih bića i ljudi.
Ključne reči: istorija nauke, prirodna filozofija, presokratovski filozofi, životna sredina
