Vol 2, No 10, 2003 pp. 777-788
UDC 140.8 Fihte :37.018
THE PROBLEM OF EDUCATION IN FICHTE'S PHILOSOPHY
Zoran Dimić
Vranje. Serbia and Montenegro
E-mail: dimazor@ptt.yu
Abstract. Fichte's comprehension of Education depends directly upon
the way he understands philosophy and philosophising. The Primacy of Practical
Reason is quite noticeable in his philosophy. First of all, Fichte is an
orator, a teacher, a rhetorician and an educator. The idea of Man stands
at the foundations of his entire philosophy and philosophising. The precise
definition of Man enables a clear and fundamental definition of Education.
According to Fichte, Man is a community being. If he strives to be Man,
he must not be selfish and egoistic. The role of Scholar and Educator is
of particular importance in this. The essence of each individual indeed
lies outside himself, yet not in some kind of abstract metaphysics of ethics.
It lies in other people and in the general spirit of the community to which
Man is directed if he wants to fulfil himself as a being. Man's destiny
is not metaphysics but politics.
Key words: education, practical reason, man, politics,
community, nation, educator, practical philosophy, ethics, duty, serving,
addresses.
PROBLEM VASPITANJA U FIHTEOVOJ FILOZOFIJI
Fihteovo shvatanje vaspitanja neposredno zavisi od načina na koji on shvata
filozofiju i filozofiranje. Primat praktičkog uma je svuda primetan u njegovoj
filozofiji. Pre svega, Fihte je govornik, predavač, retoričar i vaspitač.
U osnovi čitave njegove filozofije i načina filozofiranja stoji jedna ideja
čoveka. Ovo čvrsto određenje čoveka omogućuje jasno i načelno određenje
vaspitanja. Za Fihtea, čovek je biće zajednice. Ako teži tome da bude čovek,
on ne sme biti sebičan i egoističan. Uloga naučnika i vaspitača je u tome
posebno značajna. Suština svake individue doista leži izvan nje, ali ne
u nekoj abstraktnoj metafizici morala, već u drugim ljudima i opštem duhu
zajednice na koje je čovek upućen, ukoliko želi da ispuni sebe kao biće.
Čovekova sudbina dakle, nije metafizika već politika.
