Vol 2, No 9 2002 pp. 605-618
UDC 1:801.73 14 Gadamer H.
GADAMER'S HERMENEUTICS AS PRACTICAL PHILOSOPHY
Duška Dobrosavljev
Novi Sad
Abstract. The aim of the first text entitled ŤHermeneutics and praxisť
is to show the network of the most relevant concepts of philosophic hermeneutics
and to present their inner essential interconnectedness with Aristotle's
concept of practical philosophy. The elaboration of fundamental notions
of prejudice, hermeneutical circle of tradition, situation, effective-historical
consciousness, fusion of horizons and application can be found in the text.
The explanation of the above mentioned notions intends to legitimize
Gadamer's central thesis that our understanding is never mere subject-oriented
behaviour. On the contrary, it is always historically limited. In this
context, the notion of prejudice loses its negative connotation and represents
not only the link with our tradition, but also the original source of all
our judgements. Taking into consideration this notion as highly relevant,
Gadamer intends to show that we can never fully escape from all of our
prejudices, although it does not mean that we cannot encounter them critically.
The ground for their understanding is exactly within our very historical
being and union with our tradition. We cannot erase our own horizon when
approaching someone else; we should rather find a common ground with them.
Therefore, the process of understanding always has a dialogical character.
The second text deals with the universal requirement of the method
of natural sciences. Experiences of art, philosophy and social sciences
(die Geisteswissenschaften) counterstrike it. One cannot recognize the
meaning of social sciences once they are excluded from the horizon of praxis.
Moreover, social sciences are moral sciences and the concept of progress,
so common in the terminology of natural sciences, cannot be applied to
them. Their very purpose is human self-understanding. At this point some
possible consequences are being introduced, resulting from the standpoint
of philosophic hermeneutics. Namely, the question of the possibility of
rehabilitation of the practical phenomenon, as opposed to the methodological
truth of natural sciences, is being problematised. Furthermore, an outline
of some other crucial problems is given, such as revival of self-understanding
of social sciences, universal competence of scientific experts and domain
and objectives of contemporary education.
Key words: hermeneutics, practical philosophy, understanding,
prejudice, horizon, tradition, social sciences
GADAMEROVA HERMENEUTIKA
KAO PRAKTIČKA FILOZOFIJA
Namera prvog teksta ŤHermeneutika i praxisť je da se prikaže splet osnovnih
pojmova filozofske hermenutike i ukaže na njihovu suštinsku sjedinjenost
sa Aristotelovim pojmom praktičke filozofije. Ovde se elaboriraju pojmovi
predrasude, hermeneutičkog kruga, tradicije, situacije, delatno-povesne
svesti, stapanja horizonata i primene. Objašnjenjem pomenutih pojmova nastoji
se opravdati temeljna Gadamerova tvrdnja da razumevanje nikada nije puko
subjektivno ponašanje, već da je uvek povesno određeno. Pojam predrasude
ovde gubi negativnu konotaciju i predstavlja ne samo našu vezu sa tradicijom,
već i prvobitno polazište svih naših sudova. Razmatrajući pojam predrasude
Gadamer želi da objasni kako se svo naše razumevanje odvija. On nastoji
da pokaže kako mi nikada ne možemo istupiti iz povesnog horizonta i u potpunosti
se osloboditi svih predmnenja, kako bismo pravilno razumevali, mada to
ne znači da im ne možemo prići kritički. Baš u našoj povesnosti i stopljenosti
sa tradicijom nalazi se osnova za njeno razumevanje. Ne možemo staviti
u zagrade sopstveni horizont prilazeći drugom, mi moramo naći zajedničko
tlo sa njim. Razumevanje je bitno dijaloški, a na čisti subjektov akt.
Drugi tekst bavi se univerzalnim zahtevom metode prirodnih nauka, kom
se iskustvo umetnosti, filozofije i duhovnih nauka suprotstavlja. Smisao
duhovnih nauka ne može se uvideti ako se one izmeste iz horizonta praxis-a;
duhovne nauke su moralne nauke i pojam napretka kakav susrećemo kod prirodnih
nauka je na njih neprimenljiv. Njihova svrha je ljudsko samorazumevanje.
U poslednjim delovima rada razmatraju se neke moguće konsekvence koje proističu
iz stajališta filozofske hermeneutike, kao i nekoliko prigovora ovoj poziciji.
Pre svega, postavlja se pitanje mogućnosti rehabilitovanja praktičkog kao
protivteže metodologizovanoj istini prirodnih nauka. Naznačuju se neki
značajni problemi i smernice: najpre, pravilno samorazumevanje duhovnih
nauka, legitimnost univerzalne kompetencije eksperata i pitanje dometa
savremenog obrazovanja.
Ključne reči: hermeneutika, praktička filozofija, razumevanje,
predrasuda, tradicija, horizont, duhovne nauke.
