Vol.10, No 2, 2012 pp. 163 - 170
UDC 620.004.2
THE HYBRID TRACTION - THE WAY OF FUEL UTILIZATION IMPROVEMENT
Daniel Kalinčák, Ľuboš Bartík, Juraj Grenčík
Department of Transport and Handling Machines, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Žilina, Slovakia
E-mail: daniel.kalincak@fstroj.uniza.sk
The utilization of the installed power capacity of internal combustion engines (ICE) in motive power units (especially in shunting locomotives and locomotives for industrial transport) is very low. The ICE mean power in this operational mode is about 15 – 20 % of its installed one. The result is that during most of its operational time the internal combustion engine works in the regimes that are far from optimum mode. It means that the specific fuel consumption is high. Some examples of the measured operational regimes of locomotives in shunting operation and other motive power units are given in the paper. Kinetic energy of a classic diesel locomotive as well as the DMUs and trains is transformed into thermal energy during the braking process. Normally it is not possible to utilize this kinetic energy in a reasonable way. The kinetic energy should be transformed into a suitable form and stored for future uses. The improvement can be achieved by using the rail vehicles’ unconventional traction drive. One of possible ways is the use of a hybrid traction drive. The hybrid drive includes ICE and an energy storage device. In this case, the ICE power can be substantially lower than in the classic traction. The parameters of such traction drive must be based on the analysis of the vehicles’ real operational regimes. These parameters are the following: ICE power, power of traction motors, capacity and power of energy storage devices (accumulators). There are other ways of improving fuel utilization at railway vehicles, e.g. by better utilization of heat released from the fuel.
Key words: Hybrid Traction Drive of Rail Vehicles, Utilization of ICE Power, Fuel Utilization, Energy Accumulation
HIBRIDNI POGON - NAČIN ZA UNAPREĐENJE ISKORIŠĆENOSTI GORIVA
Iskorišćenje instalisane snage motora sa unutrašnjim sagorevanjem (SUS) u pogonskim jedinicama (posebno u lokomotivama za manevrisanje i industrijski prevoz) je veoma nisko. Srednja snaga motora SUS u ovom operativnom režimu je oko 15 - 20% od njihove instalisane snage. Rezultat toga je da najveći deo vremena motor sa unutrašnjim sagorevanjem radi u režimima koji su daleko od optimalnog. To znači da je specifična potrošnja goriva visoka. Neki primeri merenja operativnih režima rada lokomotiva u manevrisanju i drugih pogonskih jedinica dati su u radu. Tokom kočenja, kinetička energija klasične dizel lokomotive, kao i DMUs i vozova se pretvara u toplotnu energiju. Najčešće nije moguće iskoristiti ovu kinetičku energiju na racionalan način. Kinetičku energiju je potrebno transformisati u odgovarajući oblik i čuvati je za kasniju upotrebu. Poboljšanje se može postići upotrebom nekonvencionalnog pogona šinskih vozila. Jedan od mogućih načina je korišćenje hibridnog pogona. Hibridni pogon obuhvata motor SUS i uređaj za skladištenje energije. U tom slučaju snaga motora SUS može biti znatno niža nego kod klasične vuče. Parametri takvog pogona moraju biti zasnovani na analizi realnih operativnih režima vozila. Ovi parametri su: snaga motora SUS, snaga vučnih motora, kapacitet i snaga uređaja za skladištenje energije (akumulatora). Postoje i drugi načini kako da se poboljša iskorišćenje goriva kod železničkih vozila, kao što je npr. bolje korišćenje toplote oslobođene iz goriva.
Ključne reči: hibridni pogon šinskih vozila, korišćenje snage motora SUS, potrošnja goriva, akumulacija energije