Vol.3, No 11, 2001 pp.295-300
UDC 531.353:611.91(045)
MECHANICAL INJURY OF THE HEAD
CAUSED BY EXTERIOR FORCE
Dušan Mikičić, Vlado Savanović
Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Belgrade
Bulevar Revolucije 73, 11000 Beograd, Yugoslavia.
E-mail: mikicic@buef31.etf.bg.ac.yu
Military Medical Academy, Department for Neurology, Belgrade
Abstract. Mechanical injuries of the head are certainly the most dangerous, so that the detailed theoretical study of this with all aspects is important, because it has practical application. Every head injury, even the mildest one, can lead to multiple mechanical, cognitive and emotional disturbance. Each strike in the live organism (particular in the head) causes at first: the pressure jump in the skin, in the bone with (or without) fractures and in soft (or liquid) tissue. Sometimes, the leaking of the liquid through the openings (eyes, ears, nose, throat, anus,...) with (or without) blood can be occured. After each strike, the pressure pulsation in live cells the p(t) = p0 (1 + a1e-qt sin kt), p0=100kPa. The following (second) extreme - minimum represent already the vacuum pressure. Then the air penetration into the microstructure of the live cells occurs. Live cells composing a microstructure of the brain function normally at atmospheric pressure po=100kPa. Their function is jeopardized if the pressure varies for more than 50%. This paper confirms that in vacuum conditions dangerous deformations of the biomechanical microstructure of the brain can occur, which can jeopardize the normal work of cells. In more difficult conditions lead to their permanent damages. The structure of the brain is particularly sensitive to the vacuum pressure (0<p<80)kPa. So great pressure variations occur in traffic accidents, in dangerous sports (box, football, skiing), the fall from big altitude, etc. The consequence of such pressure variations is pass the air in the brain, through 24 a little circular holes on the head bone (nerve cerebrales). In such a way microballons are created which, apart from mechanical damages of the tissue, have cavitational effect too. Due to the later condensation of microballons, the surrounding cells lose the oxygen, stop functioning, or entirely expire.
MEHANIČKA POVREDA GLAVE
IZAZVANA SPOLJAŠNJOM SILOM
Mehaničke povrede glave su obično najopasnije, tako da je njihova detaljna teorijska studija u svakom pogledu značajna, zbog njene praktične primene. Svaka povreda glave, čak i najlakša, može voditi višestrukim mehaničkim kognitivnim i emocionalnim poremećajima. Svaki udar na živi organizam (posebno na glavu) uzrokuje pre svega: skok pritiska na koži, na kostima sa (ili bez) preloma, i na mekom (ili tečnom) tkivu. Ponekad se može javiti curenje tečnosti kroz otvore (oči, uši, nos, grlo, anus...) sa (ili bez) pojave krvi. Posle svakog udara, pulsiranje pritiska u živim ćelijama p(t)=P0(1+a1e?qtsinKT), P0=100 kPa. Sledeći (drugi = ekstrem ? minimum, predstavlja već pritisak vakuuma. Zatim se javlja prodor vazduha u mikro-strukturu živih ćelija. Žive ćelije koje čine mikrostrukturu mozga funkcionišu normalno na atmosferskom pritisku P0 =100 kPa. Njihova funkcija je izložena opasnosti ako pritisak varira više od 50%. Ovaj rad potvrđuje da se u uslovima vakuuma mogu javiti opasne deformacije biomehaničke mikrostrukture mozga, što može dovesti u opasnost normalni rad ćelija. U težim uslovima to vodi njihovom trajnom oštećenju. Struktura mozga je posebno osetljiva na pritisak vakuuma (0;p;80) kPa. Tako, velike varijacije pritiska javljaju se u saobraćajnim udesima, opasnim sportovima (boks, fudbal, skijanje), pri padu sa velikih visina, itd. Posledica takvih varijacija pritiska je prodor vazduha u mozak kroz 24 mala kružna otvora na kosti glave (moždani nerv). Na taj način stvaraju se mikrobaloni, koji pored mehaničkih oštećenja na tkivu, imaju takođe karitacione efekte. Prouzrokovano kasnijim zgušnjavanjem mikrobalona, okolne ćelije gube kiseonik, zaustavljaju rad, ili potpuno odumiru.