Vol.15, No 2, 2008 pp. 46 - 50
UC 613.62:632.95.024:575.2
TOXIC EFFECTS OF PESTICIDES: A REVIEW
ON CYTOGENETIC BIOMONITORING STUDIES
Loganathan Palani Kumar, Natarajan Panneerselvam
Research Centre and Post Graduate Studies in Botany, The Madura College,
Madurai-625 011, S. India
E-mail: npanneer1958@gmail.com
Summary. Pesticides constitute a heterogeneous category of chemicals
specifically designed for the control of pests, weeds or plant diseases.
Biological monitoring provides a useful tool to estimate the genetic risk
deriving from an integrated exposure to a complex mixture of chemicals.
Studies available in scientific literature have essentially focused
on cytogenetic end-points to evaluate the potential genotoxicity of pesticides
in occupationally exposed populations. A positive association between occupational
exposure to complex pesticide mixtures and the presence of chromosomal
aberrations (CA), sister-chromatid exchanges (SCE) and micronuclei (MN)
has been detected in the majority of the studies. Genetic damage associated
with pesticides occurs in human populations subject to high exposure levels
due to intensive use, misuse or failure of control measures.
Key words: Genotoxicity, Pesticides,
Chromosomal aberrations, Sister-chromatid exchanges, Micronuclei
TOKSIČNA DEJSTVA PESTICIDA: PREGLED STUDIJA
O CITOGENTSKOM BIOMONITORINGU
Kratak sadržaj: Pesticidi čine heterogenu kategoriju hemikalija
specijalno napravljenih u cilju kontrole štetočina, korova ili bolesti
biljaka. Biološki monitoring je korisno sredstvo procene genetskog rizika
koji čini sastavni deo izlaganja složenoj mešavini hemikalija. Dostupna
naučna literatura se generalno bavi izučavanjem citogenetskih krajnjih
tačaka u cilju procene potencijalne genotoksičnosti pesticida u populaciji
koja je izložena na radnom mestu. U većini studija otkivena je pozitivna
povezanost izmedju izloženosti složenim mešavinama pesticida na radnom
mestu i prisustva hromozomskih aberacija (CA), izmena sestrinskih hromatida
(SCE) i mikronukleusa (MN). Genetska oštećenja izazvana pesticidima javljaju
se u ljudskoj populaciji koja je izložena visokim nivoima, što je rezultat
intenzivne upotrebe, zloupotrebe ili neadekvatnih kontolnih mera.
Ključne reči: genotoksičnost,
pesticidi, hromozomske aberacije, izmene sestrinskih hromatida, mikronukleus
