Vol.13, No 3, 2006 pp. 148 - 151
UC 616.72-001.6-08:796
CHARACTERISTICS OF THE TALOCRURAL (ANKLE) JOINT INJURIES
AND THEIR TREATMENT
Nermin A. Abdić1, Aleksandra Vuksanović - Božarić1, Miroslav Kezunović2, Vesna Bakić1
1Department of Anatomy, Medical Faculty Podgorica, Montenegro
2Clinical Center of Montenegro, Podgorica
 E-mail: drabdic@cg.yu
Summary. The ankle joint is one of the most complicated anatomic - functional structures of the locomotor system. The upper ankle joint (art. Talocruralis) matches the lower ends of shin - bone (tibia) and calf - bone (talus), so it shows a connection between the bones of a lower leg and foot. The upper ankle joint, together with the lower one, behaves as a functional, anatomic and clinic whole, not only in physiological conditions but also at most injuries. The most frequent injuries that sportsmen have are the injuries of ankle joint, knee, and lower leg. Sprain, pulling and contusion are the most represented types of ankle joint injury. The sprain or distortion (lat.distorsio) represents a set of injuries o ligaments, joint capsules as well as of the linking of tendons and muscles in the joint area, and it is caused by action of rough motor power. Distortion is noticable when the movement amplitude goes over the physiological limit. As the most common mechanism of ankle joint injury there is a foot inversion which is in supination and adduction. There has been noticed greater incidence of this injury at the sportsmen who make frequent jumps (football players, athletes). Our study has included 102 patients with ankle joint injuries, at the age from 18 to 35. Those with clinical and radiographic diagnosis of sprained ankle have been observed in the outpatient clinic of the department for orthopaedics and traumatology in Clinical center of Montenegro in Podgorica. The examinees have been of both sex, divided into two groups, professional (65) and amateur sportsmen (37). Examination has been done in the period January ? November 2006. The results of our study show that the most frequent injuries at the distortion of ankle joint are the injuries of lateral ligament mechanism as well as the sprain of medium level. These injuries are more often at professional sportsmen.
Key words: Sprain, ankle joint
KARAKTERISTIKE POVREDA SKOČNOG ZGLOBA I NJIHOVO LIJEČENJE
Kratak sadržaj: Skočni zglob predstavlja jednu od najkomplikovanijih anatomsko-funkcionalnih struktura lokomotornog sistema. Gornji skočni zglob (art. talocruralis) povezuje donje okrajke goljenjače (tibia) i lišnjače (fibula) sa skočnom kosti (talus) tako da predstavlja spoj između kostiju potkoljenice i kostiju stopala. Gornji skočni zglob, zajedno sa donjim ponaša se kao funkcionalna, anatomska i klinička cjelina ne samo u fiziološkim uslovima nego i kod većine povreda. Kod sportista, najčešće su povrede skočnog zgloba, zatim koljena i potkoljenice, a najviše zastupljeni tip povrede skočnog zgloba je uganuće, zatim istegnuće i nagnječenje. Uganuće ili distorzija (lat. distorsio) predstavlja skup povreda ligamenata, zglobne kapsule i pripoja tetiva mišića u predjelu zgloba koja nastaje dejstvom grube motorne sile. Distorzija se ispoljava kada amplituda pokreta premaši fiziološke granice. Kao najčešći mehanizam povrijeđivanja skočnog zgloba navodi se inverzija stopala, koje je u supinaciji i addukciji. Kod sportista koji imaju česte skokove (fudbaleri, atletičari) opažena je povećana incidenca ove povrede. Analizom su obuhvaćena 102 bolesnika sa povredom skočnog zgloba, starosne dobi od 18 do 35 godina. Ispitanici kod kojih je klinički i radiografski postavljena dijagnoza uganuća skočnog zgloba, opservirani su u ortopedsko-traumatološkoj ambulanti KCCG u Podgorici. Ispitanici su bili oba pola, podijeljeni na profesionalne sportiste (65) i sportiste amatere (37), a ispitivanjem je obuhvaćen period od januara do novembra 2006. godine. Rezultati našeg istraživanja ukazuju da su najčešće povrede pri distorziji skočnog zgloba povrede lateralnog ligamentarnog aparata kao i uganuća srednjeg stepena. Ove povrede su češće kod profesionalnih sportista u odnosu na sportiste amatere.
Ključne reči: uganuće, skočni zglob