Vol.13, No 1, 2006 pp. 44 - 48
UC 618.2:613.84:616.315-007.254
SMOKING
IN PREGNANCY – THE RISK FACTOR
FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF LIP AND PALATE CLEFTS WITH FETUS
Julija Radojičić1,
Tatjana Tanić2, Andrija
Radojičić1
1"ORTODENT", Niš
2Clinic of Stomatology, Niš, Serbia and
Montenegro
Summary. There are a number of factors which may have harmful
effects on the fetal development during pregnancy. Particularly
critical is the period between the 4th and 12th week of intrauterine
development, during which differentiation and determination of the
oronassal structures take place. We investigated the influence of
maternal smoking during the first trimester of pregnancy on the
appearance of lip and palate clefts. The investigation included
children divided into case and control groups, as well as their
parents. The study group comprised 96 children with anomalies, born in
the period from March 1999 to December 2003, whereas the control group
comprised 142 healthy children born in the same time period Cigarette
smoking has proved a powerful risk factor for the emergence of the
cleft lip and palate. A high percentage of smoking mothers have been
observed in the study group (51%). Compared to controls, smoking was
statistically more prevalent in the study group (p < 0.05). The risk
of the appearance of the cleft lip and palate is abruptly increased in
the category of daily smoking of over 20 cigarettes. The risk is more
than 7 times higher. The results of this study are very similar to
those of numerous scientific studies investigating the presence of
positive effects between maternal smoking and the appearance of clefts
in terms of response to the number of cigarettes smoked per day. The
great negative influence of maternal cigarette smoking during pregnancy
on the emergence of the cleft lip and palate confirmed by this
scientific research as well, implicates the need for most urgent
control of smoking in pregnancy, aimed at prevention of the onset of
this severe anomaly.
Key words: Cigarette smoking,
cleft lip and palate, interdependence, statistical analysis
PUŠENJE U TRUDNOĆI - FAKTOR RIZIKA
ZA NASTANAK RASCEPA USNE I NEPCA KOD PLODA
Kratak sadržaj: Postoji veliki broj faktora rizika koji mogu da
ostave katastrofalne posledice na razvoj ploda u trudnoći. Posebno je
kritičan period između 4. i 12. nedelje intrauterinog razvoja tokom
kojeg se odvijaju diferencijacija i determinacija oronazalnih struktura
lica. Autor proučava uticaj pušenja majki tokom prvog tromesečja
trudnoće na pojavu rascepa usne i nepca. Istraživanje obuhvata decu
studiujske i kontrolne grupe, kao i njihove roditelje. U studijskoj
grupi se nalazi 96-oro dece sa anomalijom, rođene u periodu mart 1999
do decembra 2003. godine. U kontrolnoj grupi se nalazi 142 zdrava
deteta, bez anomalije, rođene u istom periodu. Pušenje majki u trudnoći
predstavlja snažan faktor rizika u nastanku rascepa usne i nepca. Visok
procenat pušenja u trudnoći zabeležen je u studijskoj grupi (51%). U
poređenju sa kontrolnom grupom pušenje u trudnoći je bilo statistički
značajnije u studijskoj grupi (p < 0,05). Rizik od pojave rascepa
usne i nepca naglo raste u kategoriji onih žena koje su pušile više od
20 cigareta dnevno. Rizik je više nego 7 puta veći. Rezultati ovog
istraživanja su vrlo slični ranijim istraživanjima u ovoj oblasti, koja
pokazuju pozitivan efekat između pušenja u trudnoći i pojave rascepa
usne i nepca u zavisnosti od broja dnevno popušenih cigareta. Veliki
negativni uticaj pušenja u trudnoći na pojavu rascepa usne i nepca koji
se pokazao i u ovoj studiji, ukazuje da je potrebno što hitnije
suzbijanje pušenja u trudnoći kako bi se sprečila ova teška anomalija.
Ključne reči: Pušenje, rascep
usne i nepca, međuzavisnost, statistička analiza
