Vol.12, No 2, 2005 pp. 89 - 92
UC 618.2:613.84
THE EXPOSURE OF THE FOETUS AND THE
BREAST-FED
NEWBORN
OF WOMEN SMOKERS TO CARCINOGENIC ELEMENT NICKEL
Dušica Stojanović, Dragana Nikić
Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Public Health Niš, Serbia and
Montenegro
E-mail: dusicas@eunet.yu
Summary. The carcinogenic element nickel, which is present in
nickel
carbonyl compounds found in tobacco smoke, is almost totally absorbed
through
the respiratory tract during cigarette consumption. Our research study
was aimed at determining to what extent cigarette smoking in
reproductive
women affects the exposure of the fetus and the breast-fed newborn to
nickel.
The method: the research was based on the analysis of 255 samples of
biological
material. Nickel content was determined by the electrothermal
atomization
technique, on a Perkin Elmer AAS M-1100. The results obtained indicate
that nickel content in the blood of reproductive women smokers
(0.05-0.33 µg/l) is higher than the content of this metal in the blood
of non-smoking
women (0.01-0.27 µg/l). Nickel content in the placentas of women who
consume
cigarettes is also higher (<0.01-1.23 µg/l) than the content of this
metal in the placentas of non-smoking women (<0.01-1.01 µg/l). The
concentration
of nickel in the umbilical cord blood of smoking women (<0.01-0.11
µg/l)
only slightly differs from the nickel content in the umbilical cord
blood
of women who do not smoke (<0.01-0.06 µg/l). There was a positive
correlation
regarding nickel content in the placenta and umbilical cord blood
(r-0.817).
The presence of nickel in the maternal milk was also determined,
confirming
that women smokers had a higher content of nickel (<0.01-1.34 ľg/l)
than non-smoking women (<0.01-0.93 µg/l). It is highly important
that
would-be mothers discontinue the smoking habit long before the act of
conception,
and especially during pregnancy and breast-feeding.
Key words: Nickel, women, smoking, foetus, human milk
EKSPOZICIJA FETUSA I ODOJČETA NA
PRIRODNOJ
ISHRANI
ŽENA PUŠAČA KANCEROGENOM ELEMENTU NIKLU
Kratak sadržaj: Jedna od kancerogenih materija, nikl u vidu
niklkarbonila,
koja se nalazi u duvanskom dimu, gotovo u potpunosti se resorbuje
prilikom
pušenja cigarete preko respitarornog trakta. Cilj istraživanja je bio
da
se utvrdi u kojoj meri pušenje cigareta od strane žena koje su u
generativnom
periodu utiče na izloženost ploda i odojčeta na prirodnoj ishrani
niklu.
Metod: U okviru ispitivanja uzorkovano je i analizirano 255 uzoraka
biološkog
mateijala. Determinacija nikla je vršena elektrotermalnom atomizacionom
tehnikom, na aparatu Perkin Elmer AAS M-1100. Dobijeni rezultati
ispitivanja
su pokazali da je sadržaj nikla u krvi žena u generativnom periodu koje
konzumiraju cigarete (0,05 - 0,33 µg/l) veći u odnosu na sadržaj ovog
metala
u krvi žena nepušača (0,01 - 0,27 µg/l). Sadržaj nikla u placenti žena
koje su konzumirale cigarete je takodje veći (< 0,01 - 0,23 µg/l) u
odnosu na sadržaj ovog metala u placenti žena nepušača (<0,01-1,01
?g/l).
Koncentracija nikla u krvi pupčane vrpce žena pušača (< 0,01 - 0,11
µg/l) je nešto niža od sadržaja nikla u krvi pupčane vrpce žena
nepušača
(< 0,01 - 0,06 µg/l). Utvrdjena je pozitivna korelacija u pogledu
sadržaja
nikla u placenti i krvi pupčane vrpce (p < 0,05). U majčinom mleku
takodje
je utvrdjeno prisustvo nikla, pri čemu su žene pušači imale veći
sadržaj
nikla (< 0,01 - 1,34 µg/l) u odnosu na žene nepušače (< 0,01 -
0,93 µg/l). Neophodno je insistirati na prestanku konzumiranja cigareta
kod
žena u generativnom periodu koje nameravaju da ostanu u drugom stanju
mnogo
pre začeća, a posebno tokom trudnoće i dojenja.
Ključne reči: Nikl, žene, pušenje, fetus, majčino mleko
