Vol.12, No 2, 2005 pp. 89 - 92
UC 618.2:613.84

THE EXPOSURE OF THE FOETUS AND THE BREAST-FED NEWBORN
OF WOMEN SMOKERS TO CARCINOGENIC ELEMENT NICKEL
Dušica Stojanović, Dragana Nikić
Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Public Health Niš, Serbia and Montenegro
E-mail: dusicas@eunet.yu

Summary. The carcinogenic element nickel, which is present in nickel carbonyl compounds found in tobacco smoke, is almost totally absorbed through the respiratory tract during cigarette consumption. Our research study was aimed at determining to what extent cigarette smoking in reproductive women affects the exposure of the fetus and the breast-fed newborn to nickel. The method: the research was based on the analysis of 255 samples of biological material. Nickel content was determined by the electrothermal atomization technique, on a Perkin Elmer AAS M-1100. The results obtained indicate that nickel content in the blood of reproductive women smokers (0.05-0.33 µg/l) is higher than the content of this metal in the blood of non-smoking women (0.01-0.27 µg/l). Nickel content in the placentas of women who consume cigarettes is also higher (<0.01-1.23 µg/l) than the content of this metal in the placentas of non-smoking women (<0.01-1.01 µg/l). The concentration of nickel in the umbilical cord blood of smoking women (<0.01-0.11 µg/l) only slightly differs from the nickel content in the umbilical cord blood of women who do not smoke (<0.01-0.06 µg/l). There was a positive correlation regarding nickel content in the placenta and umbilical cord blood (r-0.817). The presence of nickel in the maternal milk was also determined, confirming that women smokers had a higher content of nickel (<0.01-1.34 ľg/l) than non-smoking women (<0.01-0.93 µg/l). It is highly important that would-be mothers discontinue the smoking habit long before the act of conception, and especially during pregnancy and breast-feeding.
Key words: Nickel, women, smoking, foetus, human milk

EKSPOZICIJA FETUSA I ODOJČETA NA PRIRODNOJ ISHRANI
ŽENA PUŠAČA KANCEROGENOM ELEMENTU NIKLU
Kratak sadržaj: Jedna od kancerogenih materija, nikl u vidu niklkarbonila, koja se nalazi u duvanskom dimu, gotovo u potpunosti se resorbuje prilikom pušenja cigarete preko respitarornog trakta. Cilj istraživanja je bio da se utvrdi u kojoj meri pušenje cigareta od strane žena koje su u generativnom periodu utiče na izloženost ploda i odojčeta na prirodnoj ishrani niklu. Metod: U okviru ispitivanja uzorkovano je i analizirano 255 uzoraka biološkog mateijala. Determinacija nikla je vršena elektrotermalnom atomizacionom tehnikom, na aparatu Perkin Elmer AAS M-1100. Dobijeni rezultati ispitivanja su pokazali da je sadržaj nikla u krvi žena u generativnom periodu koje konzumiraju cigarete (0,05 - 0,33 µg/l) veći u odnosu na sadržaj ovog metala u krvi žena nepušača (0,01 - 0,27 µg/l). Sadržaj nikla u placenti žena koje su konzumirale cigarete je takodje veći (< 0,01 - 0,23 µg/l) u odnosu na sadržaj ovog metala u placenti žena nepušača (<0,01-1,01 ?g/l). Koncentracija nikla u krvi pupčane vrpce žena pušača (< 0,01 - 0,11 µg/l) je nešto niža od sadržaja nikla u krvi pupčane vrpce žena nepušača (< 0,01 - 0,06 µg/l). Utvrdjena je pozitivna korelacija u pogledu sadržaja nikla u placenti i krvi pupčane vrpce (p < 0,05). U majčinom mleku takodje je utvrdjeno prisustvo nikla, pri čemu su žene pušači imale veći sadržaj nikla (< 0,01 - 1,34 µg/l) u odnosu na žene nepušače (< 0,01 - 0,93 µg/l). Neophodno je insistirati na prestanku konzumiranja cigareta kod žena u generativnom periodu koje nameravaju da ostanu u drugom stanju mnogo pre začeća, a posebno tokom trudnoće i dojenja.
Ključne reči: Nikl, žene, pušenje, fetus, majčino mleko