Vol. 9, No 2, 2002 pp. 138 - 141
UC 616-056.3:616.1
PSYCHOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF CARDIOVASCULAR
DISEASES
Slobodan Ilić, Svetlana Apostolović
Society for Liaison Psychiatry and Clinic for Cardiovascular Diseases,
Clinical Centre, Nis, Yugoslavia
E-mail: lorens@bankerinter.net
Summary. The occurrence of psychological alterations and cardiac
disease in many patients exemplifies the complexity of psychosomatic and
somatopsychic effects. Psychological factors including depression, anxiety
and hostility influence the development, clinical expression and prognosis
of heart disease. Accordingly, it is critical that clinically significant
levels of distress are identified, both in hospital and after discharge,
to target patients who require specific psychological intervention, in
addition to conventional cardiac rehabilitation. Ameliorating distress
has been shown to improve adherence to treatment advice, such as modifying
psychological defence mechanisms, compliance with medication regimens and
attendance at exercise programmes.
Key words: Cardiological risk factors, hostility, depression,
anxiety, psychological defense mechanisms, psychotherapy
PSIHOLOŠKI ASPEKTI KARDIOVASKULARNIH BOLESTI
Kratak sadržaj: U radu je prikazan značaj i uska povezanost psiholoških
faktora sa nastankom, tokom i prognozom kardiovaskularnih bolesti. Opisan
je Tip A ponašanja kao nezavistan faktor rizika sa posebnim osvrtom na
hostilnost kao dominantnu karakteristiku u modelu ponašanja. Analizirana
je uloga "negativne afektivnosti", depresije u anksioznosti kroz njihove
mehanizme nastajanja, delovanja u prognostičkog značaja u evoluciji kardivaskularnih
bolesti. Apostrofirani su nezreli i zreli psihološki odbrambeni mehanizmi
u različitim fazama bolesti i ukazano na neophodnost njihove spontane ili
terapeutske transformaciji kao osnove za adekvatnu adaptaciju. Terapijski
treman psihičkih poremećaja, nadgrađenih na primarnu kardiovaskularnu bolest
predstavljen je kratkom analitičkom psihoterapijim i kognitivnim tretmanom.
Ključne reči: Faktori rizika, hostilnost, depresija, anksioznost,
psiholoski mehanizmi odbrane, psihoterapija
