Review Article
Vol.11, No 1, 2013 pp. 1-10
UDC 343.94/.95-053.6
BIOLOGICAL AND PSYCHOLOGICAL
THEORIES ON JUVENILE DELINQUENCY
Miomira Kostić
Faculty of Law, University of Niš, Serbia
E-mail: kostic_miomira@yahoo.com
In this paper, the author notes that a child is born with bio-psychological predispositions which are distinctive characteristics of humankind. Every single stage in human development is idiosyncratic and the process of human development involves moving from a lower to a higher and more qualitative stage of development. The roots of asocial behaviour and delinquency may be traced back to the early childhood. The child's psychological and physical characteristics in preadolescence may have a significant impact on one's deviant behaviour, such as commission of criminal acts, gang initiation and suicide. Puberty is the most significant transitional stage involving one's effort to be break free from any form of dependence. The age of adolescence is the most sensitive period in developing one's emotional maturity. Every stage in human development features specific psychological traits entailing not only a risk of child victimization but also the roots of child's propensity to deviant behaviour. The author particularly focuses on the basic tenets of anthropological, bio-psychological and psychological theories dealing with the causes of deviant behaviour among children and juveniles, their recidivism and victimization.
Key words:
personality, juvenile delinquent, criminological theories, bio– psychological theories, child molestation, adolescence, recidivism, victimization
BIOLOŠKO-PSIHOLOŠKE TEORIJE
O MALOLETNOM PRESTUPNIKU
U radu autorka navodi da se dete rađa sa bio-psihičkim dispozicijama koje su karakteristične za ljudski rod. Svako razvojno razdoblje je posebna celina, a razvoj se, kao proces, sastoji od prelaženja sa nižeg i specifičnog razvojnog stepena na viši i kvalitativno novi. Začeci asocijalnosti, pa čak i delinkventnosti upravo mogu biti u najranijim godinama života. Psihičke i fizičke osobine deteta u pretpubertetu utiču na ispoljavanje devijantnih ponašanja (vršenje krivičnih dela, uključivanje u gangsterske bande, samoubistva). Za vreme puberteta, borba za oslobađanje od zavisnosti ulazi u najznačajniju fazu. Najosetljiviji period emocionalnog sazrevanja je doba adolescencije. Svaka faza u razvoju odlikuje se izvesnim psihičkim karakteristikama koje u sebi nose, kako rizik viktimizacije po dete, tako i začetak sklonosti ka devijantnosti. Autorke su posebno izdvojile osnovne postavke antropoloških, biološko-psiholoških i psiholoških koncepcija o uzrocima devijantnog ponašanja dece i maloletnika, njihovog recidivizma i viktimizacije.
Ključne reči:
ličnost, maloletni delinkvent, kriminološke teorije, biološko-psihološkte teorije; zlostavljanje deteta, adolescencija, recidivizam, viktimizacija.
