Scientific Review, Debate
Vol.9, No 1, 2011 pp. 19-33
UDC 502.14:347.4
NATIONAL JUDICIAL CONTROL OF THE PERFORMANCE OF SOME OBLIGATIONS ACCEPTED FROM THE UN FRAMEWORK CONVENTION ON CLIMATE CHANGE
Rodoljub Etinski
Faculty of Law, University of Novi Sad, Serbia
E-mail: etinski@pf.uns.ac.rs
If Serbia failed to perform its obligations based on the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change and if an individual in Serbia suffered some damage for this, would a court award a compensation for damages? This issue includes some hypothetical questions such as, for instance, the fact that the change of climate in Serbia causes damage to some individuals and that, by failing to perform its obligations, Serbia has contributed to the climate change and individual damages that have arisen. The question is whether the performance of obligations defined in the Convention is suitable for national judicial control? The change of climate is a complex process, caused by a variety of factors, many of which are beyond the control of the given state. Some crucial obligations established by the Convention and the Kyoto Protocol are defined very flexibly, leaving the contracting parties with a broad area to provide different implementation arrangements. Therefore, the possibility of national judicial control of the performance of obligations accepted from the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change is a complex question.
The Framework Convention on Climate Change belongs to international treaties with the most contracting parties – 195. However, only two of them have accepted international judicial competence for possible mutual disputes with regard to the interpretation and implementation of the Convention. States do not want external judicial control of the performance of obligations they have accepted based on the Framework Convention. Can internal judicial control compensate for the lack of external control and contribute to better effects of the Convention?
Key words:
climate change, judicial control, the Framework Convention
NACIONALNA SUDSKA KONTROLA IZVRŠAVANJA NEKIH OBAVEZA PREUZETIH OKVIRNOM KONVENCIJOM UN O PROMENI KLIME
Ukoliko Srbija ne bi izvršavala svoju obavezu na osnovu Okvirne konvencije UN o promeni klime (dalje: Konvencija) i ako bi neki pojedinac u Srbiji zbog toga pretrpeo štetu, da li bi mu domaći sud dosudio naknadu štete? Ovo pitanje uključuje neka hipotetička pitanja, kao što je, na primer, da promena klime uzrokuje štete u Srbiji koje pogađaju neke pojedince i da je Srbija neizvršavanjem svojih obaveza doprinela promeni klime i nastanku konkretne štete.
Da li pravo na zdravu životnu sredinu, priznato Ustavom Republike Srbije, uključuje pravo na klimatske uslove pogodne za život i privredne aktivnosti? Ukoliko Srbija ne bi izvršavala svoje obaveze na osnovu Konvencije i time pogoršala životnu sredinu, da li bi time kršila pravo na zdravu životnu sredinu i da li pogođeni imaju na raspolaganju delotvorno pravno sredstvo, odnosno mogućnost da se obrate sudu te da ovaj obaveže Srbiju da izvršava svoje obaveze?
Okvirna konvencija UN o promeni klime spada u međunarodne ugovore sa najvećim brojem ugovornica – 195. Samo dve su, međutim, prihvatile međunarodnu sudsku nadležnost za eventualne međusobne sporove u vezi tumačenja i primene Konvencije. Države ne žele spoljnu sudsku kontrolu nad izvršavanjem svojih obaveza koje su prihvatile Okvirnom konvencijom. Da li unutrašnja sudska kontrola može da kompenzira odsustvo spoljne kontrole i doprinese boljem učinku Konvencije?
Ključne reči:
klimatske promene, Okvirna konvencija UN o promeni klime, unutrašnja i spoljna sudska kontrola, izvršavanje ugovorenih obaveza.
