Scientific Review, Debate
Vol.9, No 1, 2011 pp. 1-18
UDC 502.14:343.34
MISDEMEANOR – A BASIS FOR (NOT) PROTECTING THE ENVIRONMENT
Borče Davitkovski, Dragan Gocevski
The School of Law "Iustinian I" at St. Cyril and Methodius University, Skopje, Macedonia
E-mail: bdavitkovski@yahoo.com
In this paper, an attempt is made to delineate the criminal act from administrative infractions. This delineation is essential to the imposition of sanctions (criminal or misdemeanor) in cases of violations against the natural environment. All exposed elements support the quantitative differences between criminal acts and violations based on different levels, higher or lower, of violations of the legal good, which indisputably are treated as criminal offenses and not as part of administrative infractions and represent the basis for an integrative approach to criminal acts. All this does not exclude the need for the correction of certain disadvantages of their treatment as punishable offenses in the jurisdiction, emphasized by the fact that there are numerous lesser infractions. Thus a revision of the Act on Misdemeanors is more than necessary. In addition to decriminalizing such violations, the court can become disburdened by introducing alternatives to tortuous liability and introduction of procedures in the form of mediation in the Act on Misdemeanors. This would leave such procedures to be dealt with by competent police authorities and administrative authorities before they go to court, only leaving difficult and appealed cases to the judiciary. Likewise, changes in the Act on Misdemeanors should include further measures to simplify and accelerate the legal procedure for infractions and misdemeanors.
Key words: crime, administrative infraction, environmental protection
PREKRŠAJ OSNOV ZA (NE)ZAŠTITU ŽIVOTNE SREDINE
U radu, pravi se pokušaj da se razgraniči kazneno delo od prekršaja, koje je razgraničenje od esecijalnog značaja za izricanje sankcije (krivične ili prekršajne) kad je povređena životna sredina. Svi izloženi elementi idu u prilog kvantitativne razlike između kaznenog dela i prekršaja na osnovu različitog stupnja, višeg ili nižeg, povrede pravnog dobra, koje nesporno čine tretman prekršaja kao kažnjiva dela a ne kao administrativna neprava i pretstavljaju osnov za integrativni pristup kažnjivim delima! Sve ovo ne isključuje potrebu od korekcije određenih loših strana njihovog tretmana kako kažnjiva dela u sudskoj nadležnosti, izoštrenih činjenicom da postoje brojni sitni prekršaji. Neophodno je potrebna revizija Zakona o prekršajima. Pored dekriminalizacije takvih sithin prekršaja, rasterećenje suda se može izvesti unošenjem altirnativa za prekršajnu odgovornost i postpupak u obliku medijacije u Zakon o prakršaijma. Zatim, skretanje postupka i prethodno rasčišćivanje slučaja ispred policie ili uprave čime bi pred sud izlazili samo sproni slučaji. Takođe, promene Zakona o prekršajima trebaju obuhvatiti i dalje pojednostavljivanje mera i ubrzanje prekršajnog postupka.
Ključne reči: krivično delo, prekršaj, zaštita životne sredine.