Vol.1, No 6, 2002 pp. 711-718
UDC 352 (497.11)(094.5)
A CRITICAL REVIEW ON THE NEW SOLUTIONS
IN THE NEW LAW ON LOCAL SELF-GOVERNMENT
IN THE REPUBLIC OF SERBIA
Mile Ilić
Niš
Over the last twelve years three laws regulating the problems of local
self-government have been passed in the Republic of Serbia.
The present Law on Local Self-Government of the Republic of Serbia
represents harmonization of some solutions with the European standards
that have been stipulated under the European Charter on Local Self-Government
and, to the greatest extent, is coherent with the solutions in the field
of local self-government of the European Union states.
That what can be noted are nearly identical solutions in the law of
the Republic of Serbia and the laws that have already been passed or are
prepared to be passed in the Balkans states and, first of all, in the states
of former Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia.
With regard to the previous law there are some new solutions, but there
is no a completely new concept of the local self-government in the Republic
that has otherwise been announced.
The solutions adopted are not radically new ones, so that wider authorizations
of the local self-government, as expected, have not been defined.
Although the new law slightly differs from the previous one concerning
some more modern solutions, a conclusion can be drawn that extent of changes
expected is relatively low. There are still many questions that have not
been covered under this law, but which should be regulated, while there
are questions that should be differently regulated than in the adopted
law.
Approaching in a relatively near future is enacamnet of one more, again
new, Law on Local Self-Government.
That new law would have to regulate some more questions which have
been so far beyond the legal regulations.
A conclusion can be drawn that at present there is no readiness, nor
it has been earlier, for deeper changes in the system of local self-government.
To be sure, it must be admitted that each law is somewhat better than the
previous one, but it is not by far that what the expert and scientific
public have been waiting for, and probably the citizens as well. Obviously,
there is no political consensus for more fundamental changes in this field,
so that is why the solutions adopted are at the level of classical and
traditional solutions, without paying respects to the specifics and former
experiences (whether good or bad).
Therefore, enactment of new laws that regulate the problems of the
local self-government shall have to follow.
Key words: local self-government – the right of the local
community population to make decisions on questions of mutual interests
in the environment they live in.
Local self-government unity – form within which local self-government
is being implemented.
Municipality – common name for the basic unit of the local self-government.
KRITIČKI OSVRT NA NOVA REŠENJA U NOVOM
ZAKONU
O LOKALNOJ SAMOUPRAVI REPUBLIKE SRBIJE
U poslednjih dvanaest godina u Republici Srbiji doneta
su tri zakona koji uređuju problematiku lokalne samouprave.
Sadašnji zakon o lokalnoj samoupravi Republike
Srbije iz 2002. godine predstavlja usklađivanje nekih rešenja sa evropskim
standardima koji su utvrđeni u Evropskoj povelji o lokalnoj samoupravi
i, u najvećoj meri, je koherentan sa rešenjima u oblasti lokalne samouprave
zemalja Evropske unije.
Ono što se može zapaziti su skoro identična rešenja
iz zakona Republike Srbije i zakona koji su već doneti ili su pripremljeni
za donošenje u balkanskim zemljama a, pre svega, u zemljama bivše SFRJ.
U odnosu na prethodni zakon postoje neka nova
rešenja, ali ne postoji potpuno nov koncept lokalne samouprave u Republici,
kako je inače najavljeno.
Usvojena rešenja nisu radikalno nova, pa šira
ovlašćenja lokalne samouprave, kako se očekivalo, nisu definisana.
Iako je novi zakon za nijansu drugačiji od prethodnog
sa nekim savremenijim rešenjima, može se konstatovati da obim promena koji
se očekivao je relativno uzak. Postoji još mnogo pitanja koja nisu obuhvaćena
ovim zakonom, a treba ih urediti, a postoje i pitanja koja treba dugačije
urediti nego u usvojenom zakonu.
Predstoji, dakle, u relativno skorije vreme donošenje
još jednog, opet novog, Zakona o lokalnoj samoupravi.
Taj novi zakon bi morao da uredi još neka pitanja
koja su, do sada, bila van domašaja zakonske regulative.
Može se konstatovati da ne postoji rešenost sada,
niti je ona ranije postojala, za dubljim promenama u sistemu lokalne samouprave.
Doduše, valja priznati da je svaki zakon nešto malo bolji od prethodnog,
ali to ni izdaleka nije ono što su očekivali stručna i naučna javnost,
pa verovatno i građani. Očigledno je da nema političkog konsenzusa za temeljnijim
promenama u ovoj oblasti, pa su zato i usvajana rešenja na nivou klasičnih
i tradicionalnih, bez uvažavanja specifičnosti i dosadašnjih iskustava
(bilo da su ona dobra ili loša).
Zato valja očekivati da će morati da usledi donošenje
novih zakona koji regulišu problematiku lokalne samouprave.
Ključne reči: Lokalna samouprava – prava
stanovništva lokalne zajednice da mogu odlučivati o pitanjima od zajedničkog
interesa u sredini gde žive.
Jedinica lokalne samouprave – oblik u kome se
ostvaruje lokalna samouprava.
Opština – uobičajeni naziv za osnovnu jedinicu
lokalne samouprave.
