Vol.1, No 4, 2000 pp. 493 - 508
UDC 341.123:[341.62+341.652
THE UNITED NATIONS BETWEEN THE PACIFIC SETTLEMENT OF DISPUTES AND IMPOSITION OF PEACE
Obrad Račić
Faculty of Political Sciencies of the University of Belgrade
Abstract. Today, when extensive discussions are being held within and around the United Nations on expanding the rights for interventions with internal conflicts and clashes – while discussions on the subject matter were commenced in the scientific literature a long time ago – one should be reminded that resorting to different modes of peaceful disputes resolution depends upon the agreement of disputants, on the other hand, the Security Council may give orders that enforcement measures should be taken. This is important, first of all, because the peace-keeping operations increasingly take on both functions.
Just because of that to lessen, to the extent possible, the influence of the political factor (also including here the factor of unequal power of participants in the negotiation process and decision-making), consideration of these problems should be, first and foremost, directed to: establishing the circumstances under which the United Nations can get down to the peace-keeping (or even imposing) operations; creating the rules which will contribute both to the objectivization of establishing factual conditions and finding out what the international interest is; defining how these operations should be carried out; and expanding the number of organs of the United Nations to take part in decision-making.
Key words: United Nations, Security Council, imposition of peace
UN IZMEDJU MIRNOG REŠAVANJA SPOROVA I NAMETANJA MIRA
Danas, kada se u UN i oko njih vode pregovori o širenju prava na intervenciju u unutrašnje sporove i sukobe – dok je rasprava o tome u naučnoj literaturi već poodavno započeta – valja podsetiti na to da pribegavanje različitim načinima rešavanje sporova zavisi od saglasnosti strana u sporu dok, s druge strane, Savet bezbednosti može narediti da se prinudne mere sprovedu. To je važno, pre svega, zbog toga što operacije za očuvanje mira sve češće dobijaju jednu i drugu funkciju.
Upravo zbog toga da bi se, u onoj meri u kojoj je to moguće, ublažio uticaj političkoga faktora (uključujući tu i faktor nejedanke moći učesnika u procesima pregovaranja i odlučivanja), razmatranje ove problematike treba u prvom redu usmeriti na: utvrdjivanje okolnosti u kojima UN mogu da pridju operacijama očuvanja (pa i nametanja) mira; stvaranje pravila koja će doprineti kako utvrdjivanju činjeničnog stanja tako i iznalaženju šta predstavlja medjunarodni interes; definisanje postupanja tih operacija; i širenje broja organa UN koji u odlučivanju učestvuju.
Ključne reči: Ujedinjene nacije, Savet bezbenosti, nametanje mira