Vol.4, No 1, 2006pp. 61 - 70
UDC 821.111-31.09 Kestler A.

THE GRAMMATICAL FICTION:SELF VS. SUBJECT IN
ARTHUR KOESTLER'S DARKNESS AT NOON
Nataša Tučev
University of Niš

The paper starts from the assumption that art is capable of articulating and bringing to the fore the portion of the self from whose standpoint the process of ideological interpellation can be resisted. This experience of personal being is dubbed 'the grammatical fiction' by Rubashov, the protagonist of Koestler's novel Darkness at Noon. The Party to which Rubashov has belonged throughout his adult life has taught him to forgo not only his self-interest in the struggle for social change, but also his sensitive self, his mystical experiences of 'oceanic oneness' with the world, and his capacity for self-reliance in making moral decisions. These buried traits come to constitute Rubashov's Other, shadowy self, providing a potent counterpoint to his ideological position, to the subject whose life and political actions have been determined by the internalized doctrines of the Party. The paper focuses on the way Koestler's novel juxtaposes 'the grammatical fiction' and the subject as two mental attitudes within the protagonist's stream of consciousness, and draws on this juxtaposition in reaching its insights. These insights concern not only the mechanisms of the ideology which the novel discusses, but also its inherent notion of the self and of the desirable direction of social progress.
Key words:  ideology, subject, self, individuality, compassion, conscience, spirituality, society

GRAMATIČKA FIKCIJA: IDEOLOŠKI SUBJEKT I JASTVO U
KESTLEROVOM ROMANU TAMA U PODNE
Rad polazi sa stanovišta da je umetnost u stanju da artikuliše i iznese na videlo onaj deo ličnosti koji iskoračuje iz okvira ideoloških uslovljenosti, i predstavlja uporište odakle je moguće suprotstaviti se procesu koji Altuzer naziva interpelacijom. Protagonista Kestlerovog romana Tama u podne, Rubašov, tom najprisnijem doživljaju jastva nadenuo je ime "gramatička fikcija". Partija čiji je Rubašov član nalaže mu da se u borbi za društvene promene odrekne ne samo ličnih interesa, već isto tako i mističnih doživljaja unutrašnjeg bića i jedinstva sa čitavim čovečanstvom, duhovnih iskustava i sposobnosti da se osloni na sopstveno moralno rasudjivanje. Ove odbačene vrednosti konstituišu zaseban segment ličnosti, senku ili Drugo, koje postaje važan kontrapunkt ideološkoj poziciji protagoniste. Rad razmatra na koji način Kestlerov roman suprotstavlja "gramatičku fikciju" i ideološki subjekt kao dva mentalna stava u toku svesti glavnog lika, i do kakvih zaključaka kroz to suprotstavljanje dolazi. Pri tom se ističe da Kestlerovo delo ne nudi samo tumačenje jedne ideologije, već i specifičnu koncepciju jastva i smernice za željeni napredak ljudskog društva.
Ključne reči: ideologija, subjekt, jastvo, individualnost, saosećanje, savest, duhovnost, društvo