Vol.4, No 1, 2006pp. 61 - 70
UDC 821.111-31.09 Kestler A.
THE GRAMMATICAL FICTION:SELF VS. SUBJECT
IN
ARTHUR KOESTLER'S DARKNESS AT NOON
Nataša Tučev
University of Niš
The paper starts from the assumption that art is capable of articulating
and bringing to the fore the portion of the self from whose standpoint
the process of ideological interpellation can be resisted. This experience
of personal being is dubbed 'the grammatical fiction' by Rubashov, the
protagonist of Koestler's novel Darkness at Noon. The Party to which
Rubashov has belonged throughout his adult life has taught him to forgo
not only his self-interest in the struggle for social change, but also
his sensitive self, his mystical experiences of 'oceanic oneness' with
the world, and his capacity for self-reliance in making moral decisions.
These buried traits come to constitute Rubashov's Other, shadowy self,
providing a potent counterpoint to his ideological position, to the subject
whose life and political actions have been determined by the internalized
doctrines of the Party. The paper focuses on the way Koestler's novel juxtaposes
'the grammatical fiction' and the subject as two mental attitudes within
the protagonist's stream of consciousness, and draws on this juxtaposition
in reaching its insights. These insights concern not only the mechanisms
of the ideology which the novel discusses, but also its inherent notion
of the self and of the desirable direction of social progress.
Key words: ideology, subject, self, individuality, compassion,
conscience, spirituality, society
GRAMATIČKA FIKCIJA: IDEOLOŠKI
SUBJEKT I JASTVO U
KESTLEROVOM ROMANU TAMA U PODNE
Rad polazi sa stanovišta da je umetnost u stanju da artikuliše i iznese
na videlo onaj deo ličnosti koji iskoračuje iz okvira ideoloških uslovljenosti,
i predstavlja uporište odakle je moguće suprotstaviti se procesu koji Altuzer
naziva interpelacijom. Protagonista Kestlerovog romana Tama u podne, Rubašov,
tom najprisnijem doživljaju jastva nadenuo je ime "gramatička fikcija".
Partija čiji je Rubašov član nalaže mu da se u borbi za društvene promene
odrekne ne samo ličnih interesa, već isto tako i mističnih doživljaja unutrašnjeg
bića i jedinstva sa čitavim čovečanstvom, duhovnih iskustava i sposobnosti
da se osloni na sopstveno moralno rasudjivanje. Ove odbačene vrednosti
konstituišu zaseban segment ličnosti, senku ili Drugo, koje postaje važan
kontrapunkt ideološkoj poziciji protagoniste. Rad razmatra na koji način
Kestlerov roman suprotstavlja "gramatičku fikciju" i ideološki subjekt
kao dva mentalna stava u toku svesti glavnog lika, i do kakvih zaključaka
kroz to suprotstavljanje dolazi. Pri tom se ističe da Kestlerovo delo ne
nudi samo tumačenje jedne ideologije, već i specifičnu koncepciju jastva
i smernice za željeni napredak ljudskog društva.
Ključne reči: ideologija, subjekt, jastvo, individualnost, saosećanje,
savest, duhovnost, društvo
