Vol.6, No 2, 2009 pp. 115 - 122
UDC 502.131.1:31    502.1:33
ECOLOGICAL PARADIGM AND ECONOMIC REALITY
Petar Hafner
Faculty of Economics, University of Niš, 18000 Niš, Serbia
petar.hafner@eknfak.ni.ac.rs
Interdependence of economy and natural environment is in the focus of modern science and social practice. Having brought up the issue of irrational attitude of the man (society) and man's economic activities toward nature, our civilization has none too soon launched the trend of critical consideration and evaluation of these relations. The appearance of ecological deficits and ecological risks, the environmental crisis and the endangered basis of life in a specific "risky society" created a favorable social climate for the emergence of a new ecological paradigm of sustainable development. As a global strategy and an indicator of development, it includes the total socio-economic, scientific-technological and socio-cultural development harmonized with ecologic development standards. The new ecological paradigm emphasizes the sustainability principle of modern societies in all their dimensions - economic, spatial, demographic, cultural, ecological. It is a new strategic global ecological-economic mega-trend of the development of modern society as a sustainable world society. The ecological paradigm as a new social regulation of the relationship between modern societies and their natural environment imposes to the economic science and practice the ethical standpoint related to the respect of nature and life in general. In this respect, new economy highly appreciates ecological components, principles and standards applied in the sphere of economy: creation of production as a closed economic system, evaluation of ecological costs, implementation of ecological principles and compliance with ecological standards, development of ecological management, formation of "ecological economy", application of new quality indicators of success (Human Development Index and Index of Sustainable Economic Welfare), constitution of a new energy-economy-ecology development tendency.
Key Words:  New ecological paradigm, sustainable development, ecological ethics, ecological risks, ecological costs, ecological economy
EKOLOŠKA PARADIGMA I EKONOMSKA STVARNOST
Međuzavisnost ekonomije i prirodne sredine nalazi se u žiži savremene nauke i društvene prakse. Otvarajući temu nerazumnog odnosa čoveka (društva) i njegovih ekonomskih aktivnosti prema prirodi, naša civilizacija je u poslednji čas započela tendenciju kritičkog promišljanja i vrednovanja tih odnosa. Pojava ekoloških deficita i ekoloških rizika, kriza okoline i ugrožavanje osnove života u svojevrsnom "rizičnom društvu" stvorili su socijalnu klimu za nastanak nove ekološke paradigme održivog razvoja. Kao globalna strategija i pokazatelj razvoja ona obuhvata usklađeni sveukupni socijalno-ekonomski, naučno-tehnološki i socio-kulturni razvoj sa ekološkim standardima razvoja. Nova ekološka paradigma naglašava princip održivosti modernih društava u svim njihovim dimenzijama - ekonomskoj, prostornoj, demografskoj, kulturnoj, ekološkoj. To je novi strateški globalni ekološko-ekonomski megatrend razvoja savremenog društva, kao održivog svetskog društva. Ekološka paradigma kao nova društvena regulacija odnosa između modernih društava i njihovog prirodnog okruženja postavlja pred ekonomsku nauku i praksu etičko stanovište o poštovanju prirode i života uopšte. U tom smislu nova ekonomija visoko vrednuje ekološke komponente, principe i standarde primenjene u ekonomskoj sferi: kreiranje proizvodnje kao zatvorenog ekonomskog sistema, vrednovanje ekoloških troškova, primena ekoloških principa i poštovanje ekoloških standarda, razvijanje ekološkog menadžmenta, stvaranje "ekološke ekonomije", primenjivanje novih kvalitativnih pokazatelja uspešnosti (indeks ljudskog razvoja i indeks održivog ekonomskog blagostanja), konstituisanje nove razvojne tendencije na relaciji energija - ekonomija - ekologija.
Ključne reči: nova ekološka paradigma, održivi razvoj, ekološka etika, ekološki rizici, ekološki troškovi, ekološka ekonomija.