Vol.11, No 1, 2013 pp. 89 - 96
UDC 699.841=111
DOI: 10.2298/FUACE1301089Z
VULNERABILITY OF STRUCTURES FROM THE ASPECT OF SEISMIC SAFETY AND RISK IN ARCHITECTONIC DESIGNING
Slavko Zdravković, Petar Mitković, Dragana Turnić
Faculty of Civil Engineering and Architecture, University of Niš
E-mail: slavko.zdravkovic@gaf.ni.ac.rs
It is natural the people should be most interested in the behavior of buildings during earthquakes, as they spend the most of their time in them. The times when the buildings were designed and constructed for unknown customers have passed. Apart from the static stability, which must not be endangered, care must be taken of functional and esthetic features. The buildings are long-lasting and expensive human property, more so in the seismic areas, so by their quality they must guarantee safety to their users. Regarding high seismicity and frequency of earthquakes on the territory of our country, safety of social resources and human lives must be harmonized with the development degree and future needs of the society and the users. Through seismic safety and reduction of risks, we protect ourselves from collapse and damage of the structures, from injuries and human casualties, and from direct and indirect, economic and functional, social and other damage. For these reasons building in seismically active areas is a complex task. Complete protection from the earthquake action is not possible, and for this reason the level of seismic risk represents an acceptable vulnerability for the corresponding period and probability of excitation. Structures are protected from collapse and seismic damage if the appropriate regulations are applied. Seismic division in micro-regions represents a good approach to defining an uniform criterion of protection of structures and protection of equipment in them.
Key words: vulnerability, risk, earthquake, seismic safety, designing.
POVREDLJIVOST OBJEKATA SA ASPEKTA SEIZMIČKE SIGURNOSTI I RIZIKA U ARHITEKTONSKOM PROJEKTOVANJU
Prirodno je što su ljudi najviše zainteresovani za ponašanje zgrada za vreme zemljotresa, jer u njima provode najveći deo svog vremena. Prošlo je vreme usmerene izgradnje kada se projektovalo i gradilo za nepoznatog korisnika. Pored statičke stabilnosti koja ne sme biti ugrožena, mora se voditi računa i o funkcionalnoj i o estetskoj stabilnosti. Zgrade su dugotrajna i skupa ljudska dobra, još skuplja u seizmičkim područjima, pa moraju svojim kvalitativnim svojstvima garantovati bezbednost njihovim korisnicima. Obzirom na visoku seizmičnost i učestanost pojave zemljotresa na teritoriji naše zemlje, osiguranje društvenih dobara i ljudskih života mora se uskladiti sa stepenom razvoja i budućim potrebama društva i korisnika. Seizmičkom sigurnošću i smanjenjem rizika u velikoj meri se štitimo od rušenja i oštećenja objekata, povreda i gubitaka ljudskih života, direktnih i indirektnih, ekonomskih funkcionalnih, socijalnih i drugih šteta. Zato gradnja u seizmički aktivnim područjima predstavlja složen zadatak. Potpuna zaštita od dejstva zemljotresa nije moguća, zato nivo seizmičkog rizika predstavlja prihvatljivu povredljivost objekata za odgovarajući period i verovatnoću pobude. Poštovanjem odgovarajućih propisa na najoptimalniji način štitimo objekte od rušenja i seizmičkih razaranja. Seizmička mikrorejonizacija predstavlja dobar prilaz definisanju ujednačenog kriterijuma zaštite objekata kao i zaštite opreme u njima.
Ključne reči: povredljivost, rizik, zemljotres, seizmička sigurnost, projektovanje