Vol.10, No 2, 2012 pp. 169 - 178
UDC 004.421:72=111
DOI: 10.2298/FUACE1202169T
SHAPE GRAMMAR IN CONTEMPORARY ARCHITECTURAL THEORY AND DESIGN
Bojan Tepavčević, Vesna Stojaković
University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Technical Sciences, Department of Architecture and Urbanism, Serbia
E-mail: tepavcevicb@uns.ac.rs
In the past decade, digital technologies had a great impact on contemporary architectural practice, design and theory. CAD/CAM technologies opened up new opportunities by allowing design and production of complex geometric shapes. One of the first applications of computational process in architecture was based on using shape grammars, a rule-based expert systems in artificial intelligence generating geometric shapes. Early applications of shape grammars in art and architecture started shortly after its invention during the 70ies and 80ies of the XX century, however, their potential as a generative design tool still has not been fully exploited in practice. Despite their popularity in academic circles, shape grammars have not found a widespread place/usage in computer aided architectural design. Role of shape grammar as a generative design and analysis tool and their influence on contemporary architectural design and theory are examined in this paper. Also, new and ongoing issues concerning shape grammars are discussed in order to indicate further directions of their usage.
Key words: shape grammar, rule-based systems, computational design, procedural modeling.
GRAMATIKA OBLIKA U SAVREMENOJ ARHITEKTONSKOJ TEORIJI I PRAKSI
U poslednjih deset godina, digitalne tehnologije imale su ogroman uticaj na process arhitektonskog projektovanja, građenja i teoriju savremene arhitekture. CAD/CAM tehnologije pružile su nove mogućnosti u projektovanju i izgradnji objekata kompleksnih geometrijskih formi. Najraniji primeri primene računarskih algoritama u arhitekturi koristili su se gramatikom oblika, ekspertskom sistemu veštačke inteligencije baziranom na pravilima koji generiše geometrijske oblike. Prvi primeri primene gramatike oblika u umetnosti i arhitekturi nastali su odmah nakon njihovog nastanka tokom 70-tih i 80-tih godina XX veka, ali njihov potencijal kao generativnog projektantskog alata, ni do danas nije u potpunosti iskorišten u praksi. Uprkos svojoj popularnosti u naučno-akademskim krugovima, gramatika oblika se nije postao uobičajena alatka u računarski podržanom arhitektonskom projektovanju. U ovom radu je istražena uloga gramatike oblika kao generativnog i analitičkog alata i njenog uticaja na savremenu arhitektonsku teoriju i praksu. Takođe, prikazane su i nove tendencije u primeni gramatike oblika u cilju definisanje daljih pravaca njenog razvoja.
Ključne reči: gramatika oblika, sistemi bazirani na pravilima, dizajn računarskim algoritmima, proceduralno modelovanje