Vol.9, No 2, 2011 pp. 289 - 299
UDC 711.523:711.4(73)=111
DOI: 10.2298/FUACE1102289D
PLANNING REGULATIONS IN THE USA AND THEIR IMPLICATIONS ON URBAN DESIGN IN THE CENTRAL CITY ZONE
Milena Dinić*, Petar Mitković
University of Niš, Faculty of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Serbia
E-mail: *milena.dinic@gaf.ni.ac.rs
At the beginning of the 20th century, urban planning of the American cities was founded on the strong capitalist system and vast available land area. After a long period of planning, which was suited for the use of automobiles, nowadays the deficiencies both in the urban structure and social sphere are very obvious. Modern planning is striving to prescribe guidelines for urban design and thus create a continuity of cityscape and emphasize the pedestrian character of the area, particularly in central city zones. Town planning in the USA comprises local regulations which are suited to the needs of individual cities. Particularly important are the implications which certain town planning regulations have on the design of physical structures in the central city zone, which is the research goal of this paper.
Key words: planning regulations, urban design, FAR, incentive zoning.
PLANSKI NORMATIVI U SAD I NJIHOVE IMPLIKACIJE NA URBANI DIZAJN U ZONI GRADSKOG CENTRA
Početkom 20. veka urbanističko planiranje američkih gradova je svoje uporište nalazilo u snažnom kapitalističkom sistemu i ogromnim površinama raspoloživog zemljišta. Nakon dugog perioda planiranja gradova po meri automobila, nedostaci su danas očiti podjednako u urbanoj strukturi kao i u socijalnoj sferi. Savremeno planiranje čini ozbiljne napore da propisivanjem smernica za urbani dizajn ostvari kontinuitet ulične scenografije i pojača pešački karakter prostora, naročito u centralnim gradskim zonama. Urbanistička regulativa u SAD podrazumeva lokalne propise koji su prilagođeni potrebama svakog konkretnog grada. Posebno su značajne implikacije koje pojedini urbanistički normativi imaju na dizajn fizičkih struktura u zoni gradskog centra, što je predmet istraživanja ovog rada.
Ključne reči: planski normativi, urbani dizajn, FAR, podsticajno zoniranje